chapter 15 adolescents

Question 1

Bio and genetics 1/7

Answer 1

13 - 19 years
Adolescence is the mental and social aspect of being adolescents
Puberty is the sex and puberty aspect of brung adolescents

Question 2

Menarche meaning

Answer 2

the first menstrual period in a female adolescence

Question 3

Acne

Answer 3

• Increased activity, sweat and sebaceous glands; clogged and inflamed
• Soap and water; topical medication; stree management

Question 4

Scoliosis

Answer 4

• S-shaped curvature of spine
• most common in females
• Screening to identify

Question 5

What are primary sexual characteristics of — Essential for reproduction

Answer 5

-penis, the scrotum and the ability to ejaculate when matured.

-Female primary sex characteristics are the vulva, vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes, cervix, and the ability to give birth and menstruate when matured.

Question 6

Secondary sexual characteristics — nonessential for reproduction

Answer 6

enlarged breasts and widened hips of females, facial hair and Adam’s apples on males, and pubic hair on both.

Question 7

Precocious puberty

Answer 7

Less than 9 years of age in boys and less than 7 years of age in girls

Question 8

Turner syndrome: Female

Answer 8

chromosomes X0
Short stature, webbed neck, low-set ears, lack of sexual development, cardinal and renal anomalies, learning disabilities
Hormonal therapy
infertile

Question 9

Klinefeltr syndrome: Male

Answer 9

Chromosomes XXY
Tall, thin, lack of sexual development, gynecomastia, learning and behaviour problems
Hormonal therapy, sterile

Question 10

Health perception — Health management pattern

Answer 10

• Less acute illness then in younger children
• Less chronic illness than in adults
• Negative health choices and outcomes
  Sense of invincibility
  Adolescent experimentation
  Risk-taking behaviours
• Partnering approach in care
  Support autonomy
  focus on strengths

Question 11

Nutritional — metabolic pattern

Answer 11

• Competing factors
  Ideal body
  fast foods, consumption oof sugar and pop, alcohol
  Peer pressure
  Activities requiring weight restriction
  Increased needs with growth spurt
• Dietary intake: way of gaining control, exerting independence
• Eating disorders are more common in females, but do occur in males

Question 12

Eating disorders

Answer 12

Anorexia nervosa — body dysmorphic
Bulimia nervosa — Bingeing then purging
Binge-eating disorder
Overweight and obesity

Question 13

Diabetes type 2

Answer 13

INcreasing prevalence
Risk increases with obesity and inactivity

Question 14

Elimination pattern

Answer 14

Consistent with adults
Abnormal variation with EDs
Issues of privacy or self-protection

Question 15

Activity — Exercise pattern

Answer 15

Increase in lean muscle mass results in increased strength and endurance
Teach importance of regular exercise
many teens participate in organized sports
- Pre-participation in a sports physical also affords opportunity for health teaching
- Risk for overuse injuries — sports-specific
- Work with coaches for healthy approach to sports

Question 16

Sleep-rest pattern

Answer 16

Need at least 8-10 hours of sleep per night
Risk of sleep deprivation is a common problem
- nurses Help adolescents cope with balancing responsibilities

Question 17

Piagets at age for formal operations

Answer 17

Lays groundwork for abstract thinking
Adolescent behaviours and characteristics

Question 18

Eriksons stage: identity vs. role confusion

Answer 18

Restating of each previous stage of development
Threats to identity can result in delinquent behaviours and mental health issues

Question 19

Sexuality — Reproductive pattern

Answer 19

Emergence of secondary sexual characteristics
Sexual experimentation
- Heterosexual or same-sex activity’s
- Anticipatory guidance; sexual decisions, contraception, STI prevention

Question 20

Adolescent pregnancy

Answer 20

High risk in maternal and infant outcomes, educational and economic effects
Anticipatory guidance: support and services for pregnant adolescents to facilitate positive outcomes

Question 21

Gender identity — LGBTQ2S

Answer 21

Approximately 4% of canadian youth
Higher rates of mood and anxiety disorders
Poorer self-perceived health states and higher risk for suicide
Victims of bullying
Greater risk of social isolation

Question 22

Coping-Stress tolerance pattern

Answer 22

Ability to cope is tested during adolescence
- Depression
Major depressive and dysthymia disorders
Depressed or irritable mood or diminished interest and pleasure
Assess for s/s of depression; refer for treatment
- Suicide
Second leading cause of death in 10- 24 years olds
Recognition of warning sings and prevention is essential

Question 23

Values - Beliefs pattern

Answer 23

Expanded understanding of good and bad
Kohlberg’s theory of moral development
- Begin transition to post conventional stage; idea of justice, universal principles
Gilligan: Moral development of females
- “good” involves self-sacrifices and caring for relationships in life.
Learns balance between what is good for her and for others