chapter 15 adolescents Flashcards
Bio and genetics 1/7
13 - 19 years
Adolescence is the mental and social aspect of being adolescents
Puberty is the sex and puberty aspect of brung adolescents
Menarche meaning
the first menstrual period in a female adolescence
Acne
- Increased activity, sweat and sebaceous glands; clogged and inflamed
- Soap and water; topical medication; stree management
Scoliosis
- S-shaped curvature of spine
- most common in females
- Screening to identify
What are primary sexual characteristics of — Essential for reproduction
-penis, the scrotum and the ability to ejaculate when matured.
-Female primary sex characteristics are the vulva, vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes, cervix, and the ability to give birth and menstruate when matured.
Secondary sexual characteristics — nonessential for reproduction
enlarged breasts and widened hips of females, facial hair and Adam’s apples on males, and pubic hair on both.
Precocious puberty
Less than 9 years of age in boys and less than 7 years of age in girls
Turner syndrome: Female
chromosomes X0
Short stature, webbed neck, low-set ears, lack of sexual development, cardinal and renal anomalies, learning disabilities
Hormonal therapy
infertile
Klinefeltr syndrome: Male
Chromosomes XXY
Tall, thin, lack of sexual development, gynecomastia, learning and behaviour problems
Hormonal therapy, sterile
Health perception — Health management pattern
- Less acute illness then in younger children
- Less chronic illness than in adults
- Negative health choices and outcomes
Sense of invincibility
Adolescent experimentation
Risk-taking behaviours - Partnering approach in care
Support autonomy
focus on strengths
Nutritional — metabolic pattern
- Competing factors
Ideal body
fast foods, consumption oof sugar and pop, alcohol
Peer pressure
Activities requiring weight restriction
Increased needs with growth spurt - Dietary intake: way of gaining control, exerting independence
- Eating disorders are more common in females, but do occur in males
Eating disorders
Anorexia nervosa — body dysmorphic
Bulimia nervosa — Bingeing then purging
Binge-eating disorder
Overweight and obesity
Diabetes type 2
INcreasing prevalence
Risk increases with obesity and inactivity
Elimination pattern
Consistent with adults
Abnormal variation with EDs
Issues of privacy or self-protection
Activity — Exercise pattern
Increase in lean muscle mass results in increased strength and endurance
Teach importance of regular exercise
many teens participate in organized sports
- Pre-participation in a sports physical also affords opportunity for health teaching
- Risk for overuse injuries — sports-specific
- Work with coaches for healthy approach to sports
Sleep-rest pattern
Need at least 8-10 hours of sleep per night
Risk of sleep deprivation is a common problem
- nurses Help adolescents cope with balancing responsibilities
Piagets at age for formal operations
Lays groundwork for abstract thinking
Adolescent behaviours and characteristics
Eriksons stage: identity vs. role confusion
Restating of each previous stage of development
Threats to identity can result in delinquent behaviours and mental health issues
Sexuality — Reproductive pattern
Emergence of secondary sexual characteristics
Sexual experimentation
- Heterosexual or same-sex activity’s
- Anticipatory guidance; sexual decisions, contraception, STI prevention
Adolescent pregnancy
High risk in maternal and infant outcomes, educational and economic effects
Anticipatory guidance: support and services for pregnant adolescents to facilitate positive outcomes
Gender identity — LGBTQ2S
Approximately 4% of canadian youth
Higher rates of mood and anxiety disorders
Poorer self-perceived health states and higher risk for suicide
Victims of bullying
Greater risk of social isolation
Coping-Stress tolerance pattern
Ability to cope is tested during adolescence
- Depression
Major depressive and dysthymia disorders
Depressed or irritable mood or diminished interest and pleasure
Assess for s/s of depression; refer for treatment
- Suicide
Second leading cause of death in 10- 24 years olds
Recognition of warning sings and prevention is essential
Values - Beliefs pattern
Expanded understanding of good and bad
Kohlberg’s theory of moral development
- Begin transition to post conventional stage; idea of justice, universal principles
Gilligan: Moral development of females
- “good” involves self-sacrifices and caring for relationships in life.
Learns balance between what is good for her and for others
