Chapter 15: Acids and Bases Flashcards
Arrhenius definition of acids?
Substances that increase the concentration of H+ ion in aqueous solutions.
Arrhenius definition of a base?
Substances that increase the concentation of OH- ions in an aqueous olution.
What is the concept of Arrhenius Acids and Bases?
An acid is a substance that, when dissolved in water, increases the concentration of hydronium ion.
What is a strong acid?
A substance that completely ionizes in aqueous solution to give OH- and a cation (example: Sodium Hydroxide - NaOH)
What is a strong base?
A strong base completely ionizes in aqueous solution to give OH- and a cation.
What is the Bronsted-Lowry concept of acid and bases?
They found that acid-base reactions can be seen as a proton-transfer reactions and that acids and bases can be defined in terms f this proton H+ transfer.
What is Bronsted-Lowry’s defintion of an acid and a base?
Acid is the species donating a proton in a proton-transfer reaction
Base is the species accepting the proton in a proton-transfer reaction
What is a conjugate acid-base pair?
Two species in an acid-base reaction, one acid and one base, that differ by the loss or gain of a proton.
What is an amphiprotic species?
A species that can act as either an acid or a base (it caqn lose or gain a proton).
What are Lewis Acids and Lewis Bases?
Lewis Acids: A species that can form a covalent bond by accepting an electron pair from another species.
Lewis Base: A species that can form a covalent bond by donating an electron pair to another species.
What is autoionization?
A reaction in which two like molecules react to give ions
