Chapter 15 Acids and Bases

Question 1

What are the general properties of acids?

Answer 1

a sour taste; the ability to dissolve many metals; the ability to turn blue litmus paper red; neutralize bases.

Question 2

What are the general properties of bases?

Answer 2

a bitter taste; a slippery feel; the ability to turn red litmus paper blue; neutralize acids.

Question 3

What is the Arrhenius definition of an acid?

Answer 3

a substance that produces H+ ions in aqueous solution.

Question 4

What is the Arrhenius definition of a base?

Answer 4

a substance that produces OH- ions in aqueous solution.

Question 5

What is the Bronsted-Lowry definition of an acid?

Answer 5

proton (H+ ion) donor

Question 6

What is the Bronsted-Lowry definition of a base?

Answer 6

proton (H+ ion) acceptor

Question 7

Substances that can act as acids or bases are?

Answer 7

amphoteric (H20)

Question 8

If the equilibrium lies far to the right, the acid is ________.

Answer 8

strong

Question 9

Name the 6 strong acids

Answer 9

Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
Hydrobromic acid (HBr)
Hydroiodic acid (HI)
Nitric acid (HNO3)
Perchloric acid (HClO4)
Sulfuric acid (H2SO4)

Question 10

Acid Ionization Constant (Ka)

Answer 10

[H+][A-] / [HA] Products/Reactants

Question 11

When water acts as an acid and a base with itself, this is called____________.

Answer 11

autoionization

Question 12

Kw

Answer 12

1.0 X 10 ^ -14

Question 13

[H+][OH-] =

Answer 13

Kw

Question 14

pH =

Answer 14

-log [H+]

Question 15

pOH =

Answer 15

-log [OH-]

Question 16

pH + pOH =

Answer 16

14

Question 17

pKa =

Answer 17

-log Ka

Question 18

What is the formula for percent ionization?

Answer 18

[H+] at equilibrium / [HA] initial X 100%

Question 19

Name the 6 strong bases

Answer 19

Lithium hydroxide (LiOH)
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
Potassium hydroxide (KOH)
Strontium hydroxide [Sr(OH)2]
Calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2]
Barium hydroxide [Ba(OH)2]

Question 20

Ka X Kb =

Answer 20

Kw

Question 21

What is the Lewis definition of an acid?

Answer 21

electron pair acceptor

Question 22

What is the Lewis definition of a base?

Answer 22

electron pair donor