Chapter 15 Flashcards
State building and search order of the 17th century
Scientific Revloution
was a series of events that marked the emergence of modern science during the early modern period, when developments in mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology (including human anatomy) and chemistry transformed the views of society about nature.
Natural Philosophers
natural science, especially physical science.
Alchemy
the medieval forerunner of chemistry, based on the supposed transformation of matter. It was concerned particularly with attempts to convert base metals into gold or to find a universal elixir.
Nicolaus Copernicus
February 1473 – 24 May 1543) was a Renaissance-era mathematician and astronomer who formulated a model of the universe that placed the Sun rather than the Earth at the center of the universe
Heliocentric
having or representing the sun as the center, as in the accepted astronomical model of the solar system.
Johannes Kepler
( December 27, 1571- November 15, 1630)German astronomer and mathematician who is considered the founder of celestial mechanics. He was first to accurately describe the elliptical orbits of Earth and the planets around the Sun and demonstrated that planets move fastest when they are closest to the Sun.
Galileo Galilei
Italian astronomer and mathematician who was the first to use a telescope to study the stars; demonstrated that different weights descend at the same rate; perfected the refracting telescope that enabled him to make many discoveries (1564-1642) Synonyms: Galileo Galilei Example of: astronomer, stargazer, uranologist.
The Inquisition
an ecclesiastical tribunal established by Pope Gregory IX c. 1232 for the suppression of heresy. It was active chiefly in northern Italy and southern France, becoming notorious for the use of torture. In 1542 the papal Inquisition was re-established to combat Protestantism, eventually becoming an organ of papal government.
Isaac Newton
English mathematician and physicist; remembered for developing the calculus and for his law of gravitation and his three laws of motion (1642-1727) Synonyms: Isaac Newton, Newton Example of: mathematician. a person skilled in mathematics. physicist. a scientist trained in physics.
Galen
Aelius Galenus or Claudius Galenus (Greek: Κλαύδιος Γαληνός; September 129 AD – c. 200/ c. 216), often Anglicized as Galen and better known as Galen of Pergamon (/ˈɡeɪlən/), was a Greek physician, surgeon and philosopher in the Roman Empire.
Paracelsus
1493/4 – 24 September 1541), born Theophrastus von Hohenheim (full name Philippus Aureolus Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim), was a Swiss physician, alchemist, and astrologer of the German Renaissance.
Andreas Vesalius
31 December 1514 – 15 October 1564) was a 16th-century Flemish anatomist, physician, and author of one of the most influential books on human anatomy, De humani corporis fabrica (On the Fabric of the Human Body). Vesalius is often referred to as the founder of modern human anatomy.
William Harvey
(1 April 1578 – 3 June 1657) was an English physician who made seminal contributions in anatomy and physiology.
Rene Descartes
(1596-1650) was a French philosopher and mathematician. … In psychology Descartes is most known for his concept of dualism. Descartes’ theory of dualism suggests that there are two realms to existence. The first is the physical realm which is the environment and the things around us.
Rationalism
a belief or theory that opinions and actions should be based on reason and knowledge rather than on religious belief or emotional response.
