Chapter 15 Flashcards by Sarah Durr

Healing phase _

Begins at day 21

Can last up to 2 years

Remodeling of scar
Rebuilding of bone
Restrengthening of tissue

Maturation/ remodeling

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fractures associated with disease are called

pathological fractures

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Tightness, pain, burning at lateral aspect of knee our outside thigh

“Stabbing pain”

Iliotibial band syndrome

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improper training methods
changing surfaces
over pronation

associated with:

chondromalacia

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symptoms for _

dull ache

pain is elicited with initial activity, diminishes as activity continues

shin splints

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substantial percentage of acute strains occur in:

running, jumping, sprinting
causes: 4

hamstring

poor flexibility
poor posture
muscle imbalance
improper warm up

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this injury involves:

deceleration, sudden stopping
twisting, pivoting, side stepping

ACL injury

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drop in pelvis on the side opposite of the stance leg

indicates weakness in:

trendelenburg gait

hip abductors, gluteus minimus, medius on stance leg side

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type of low back pain:

30-50 yrs old

invertebral discs get worn down and eventually degenerate

degenerative disc disease and sciatica

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escape of blood into tissues marked by black or blue discoloration

occurs with _ injury

ecchymosis

muscle strain

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low impact trauma

repeated microtrauma

stress fracture

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Healing phase _

Duration - 6 days

Focus - immobilize injured area and begin healing

Increased blood flow brings oxygen and nutrients to rebuild damaged tissue

Inflammatory phase

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Sore last 24 hrs
Pain when sleeping 
Pain occurs earlier 
Increased stiffness 
Decreased ROM
Progressive weakness over sessions
Decreased function

Symptoms of :

Post injury/ post surgery overtraining

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narrowing of carpal tunnel due to _ cause compression of the _

inflammation

median nerve

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RICE

Elevation

Elevate 6-10 inches over and heart

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overuse injuries cause 3 conditions

tendinitis
bursitis
fasciitis

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_ injury is inversion with a _ foot

_injury is eversion with a _ foot

plantarflexed

dorsiflexed

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ligament sprain grade _

moderate tenderness
decreasedROM
swelling
COMPLETE TEARS

grade II

RICE and physical evaluation

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Strengthening will:

Rhomboids
Middle Traps
Serratus anterior

And rotator cuff

Restore proper scapulohumeral rhythm

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*if information is NOT written down …

It did not occur and does NOT exist

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_ injury involves:

impact to the outer knee
often occurs with injury to ACL

MCL injury

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Of outside consultation is necessary

Written consent from the client is a must

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Shoes for clients:

Participate in in several sports

Cardio and strength training ins single workout

Cross trainers

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explosive acceleration, deceleration, lateral movement increase strains in _

most prevalent risk factor

hip

imbalance btwn hip adductors and abductors

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inflammation commonly diagnosed in: *acute trauma, repetitive stress shoulder hip knee

bursitis

_ injury account for 20-40% of all athletic injury gender more susceptible

ankle sprains males

controlled eccentric strengthening of the calf complex through DORSIFLEXION beneficial for _ _ exercise then progress to _ exercise Eccentric exercise may reduce _ and improve _

achilles tendonitis 1. Heel raises standing on floor 2. Standing with heels hanging off ledge Pain , strength

stretching of iliotibial band, hamstrings and quadriceps should be focus of _ exercise programming

trochanteric bursitis

strains in _ are most common in running and jumping sports risk factors: 3

calf fluid and electrolyte depletion forced knee extension while foot is dorsiflexed forced dorsiflexion while knee is extended

Pes planus is associated with _ b/c loss of medial arch cause internal rotation of tibia or femur that's alters the joint

Patrllofemoral joint

muscle strain grade _ complete tear loss of muscle function palpable defect, swelling discoloration

grade III strain

Healing phase _ Begins at day 3 and lasts till day 21 Wound films with collagen Scar is formed After 2-3 weeks the wound can resist normal stresses

Fribrolastic / proliferation

Symptom of _ ``` Pain with: running Ascending/ descending stairs Squatting Prolonged sitting ``` Clicking or popping sound

PFPS

Instability btwn acromion and humeral head in shoulder due to

Shallow articular surface

symptoms for _ injury progressive pain worsening with weightbearing activity focal pain pain at rest local swelling

stress fracture

Symptom for _ Pain in medial side of heel Excessive pain first few steps of the day

Plantar fasciitis

most common type of ankle sprain

lateral or inversion sprain

MCL primary role

prevent medial bending on the knee

MTSS associated with

pes planus - flat feet

_ injury most often occurs with a fall or contact during sports

ligament sprain

nerves coming out of the spinal cord get pinched due to narrowing of the formina _ may occur

sciatica

Shoes usually good for _ months Or _ miles

3-6 months 350 - 500 miles

_ risk factors for _ pes cavus pes planus leg length discrepensies lateral ankle instability

intrinsic factors for achilles tendinitis

_injury: pain occurs in anterior compartment of the leg associated with exertional activity common in runners and military

anterior shin splints

most common joints for sprains: "popping sound"

ankle knee thumb/finger shoulder

Live for the benefit of others Lift others up SERVE in order to lead

Be courageous! You are capable through Gods strength

type of low back pain: pain originating from abnormalities or deviations in the vertebrae, discs or facet joints pain produced with movement poor muscle strength and flexibility

mechanical pain

_ injury Anterior knee pain Runners knee 16-25% all running injuries Repetitive loading to the knee joint

PFPS Patellofemoral pain syndrome

Exercise program that focuses on regaining flexibility, and strength at the hip and lateral thigh is for:

ITBS

_ injury Inflammation of the patellar tendon at the insertion into the distal part of the patella and the proximal tibia

Infrapatellar tendinitis

target _ muscle group after inversion ankle sprain

peroneal group

_ injury is when the muscle works beyond it's capacity, microscopic tears in the muscle fibers

muscle strain

Update client records every

3 month since

When choosing proper footwear: Get fitted _ Space btwn longest toe and end of shoe Ball of foot should match Wear socks with

Toward end of day Width of index finger Widest part of shoe Synthetic fibers

Causes for _ injury Improper training Sudden change in surface Lower extremity inflexibility Muscle imbalances

Infrapatellar tendinitis

nerves coming out of the spinal cord get pinched due to narrowing of the formina _ may occur

sciatica

clients with elbow tendinitis should avoid _ bicep curls and wrist curls should begin with_ avoid _ when performing shoulder exercises

high reps at the elbow and wrist low reps and low weight full elbow extension

medial epicondylitis AKA overuse / trauma of

golfer's elbow wrist flexor muscles near origin

Injury: Age 40 and older Degeneration Males for susceptible

Chronic rotator cuff inky

inflammation commonly diagnosed in: bottom and back of foot linked to intrinsic and extrinsic factors

fasciitis

Running on sand can cause

Achilles' tendon issues

Shoulder strain/sprain a result of :2

Significant mobility Decreased stability

RICE For acute injury

R- rest or restricted activities I - ice C- compression E- elevation

Modified shoulder press for shoulder injury:

Do not fully extend arms Shoulders positioned toward front of body - 30 degrees anterior to frontal plane

most common SPORTS RELATED injury of the knee females _

ACL injury 2-10 fold greater risk

Exercise selections for clients with _ Restore proper flexibility and strength Stretching/ myofascial release Restore strength in hip, knee and ankle Squats, lunges Resistance band exercises for the ankle 45 degrees

PFPS

Inflammation of connective tissue covering the bone is called _and is related to _ most frequently diagnosed injury in runners, dancers, ,military personnel

periosteum MTSS

muscle strain grade _ mild dtrain few fibers are torn possible localized spasms

grade I strain

repetitive finger and wrist flexion can cause_ common in peak age range

carpal tunnel syndrome 40-60 yrs old

risk factors for: ``` twisting of spine prolonged static posture disease smoking arthritis obesity ```

risk factors for low back pain

Exercise selections for _ Lunges and squats limited to 45 degrees Aquatic exercise beneficial

Clients with IBTS

ligament sprain grade _ significant swelling tenderness and instability RUPTURE OF LIGAMENT

grade III

exercise selections for _ injury rest and slow return to activity *avoid extreme change in surfaces slowly introduce client back into activity without exacerbating symptoms cross training stretching soleus

MTSS and anterior shin splints

Tightness in these muscles can lead to patellofemoral pain syndrome: 5

IT band Hamstrings Gastrocnemius and soleus Quadriceps Hip

Intrinsic foot muscles have: Strengthening these helps to decrease stresses imposed_

Muscles bellies and tendons completely in the foot Across the plantar fascia

``` Pain Swelling Redness Warmth Loss of function ``` Symptoms of:

Inflammation

muscle strain grade _ moderate strain large # of fibers torn severe muscle pain, tender swelling, bruising

grade II strain

_ injury client may walk with a limp trendelenburg gait decreased muscle length in _ and _ *may require use of a cane as needed

trochanteric bursitis quadriceps and hamstrings

Infrapatellar tendinitis common in: 3

Basketball Volleyball Track and field

Most frequent areas for pain 1. 2.

Lumbar pain Shoulder pain

you can do this through GOD'S STRENGTH

GOD HAS GOT THIS CHILL!!

_ injury: Ages 15-50 Caused by training errors ``` Overtraining Improper footwear Changes in running surface Muscle imbalances Failure to stretch correctly Pes planus ```

Iliotibial band syndrome

Jumpers knee

Infrapatellar tendinitis

Pes cavus ( high arches) provide less _ This leads to excessive stress in the _ joint

Cushioning than a Norma foot Patellofemoral joint

medial tibial stress syndrome AKA : MTSS

posterior shin splints medial tibial stress syndrome

Exercise selections for clients with: Restore proper flexibility and stain lower extremity Myofascial release Restore strength throughout the hip Exercise for hip and ankle complex

Infrapatellar tendinitis

Injury related to trauma Falling or lifting against overwhelming resistance Common in ages younger than 30 Loss of function

Acute rotator cuff injury

conservative management of musculoskeletal injury : 5

avoid aggravating movements physical therapy modalities oral anti-inflammatories cortisone injections

type of low back pain: pain originating from abnormalities or deviations in the vertebrae, discs or facet joints pain produced with movement poor muscle strength and flexibility

mechanical pain

PFPS. Tight muscle IT Band

Causes excessive lateral force to the patella

PFPS tight muscle Gastrocnemius/ soleus

Causes excessive posterior force and compensatory pronation

symptoms for _ night or early morning pain/burning loss of grip strength numbness in thumb, index and middle fingers

carpal tunnel syndrome

avoid full wrist flexion and extension movements if client has _

carpal tunnel syndrome

grade 1 ankle sprain - activity can begin _ grade II ankle sprain - activity can begin _ grade III ankle sprain - activity can begin _

1-2 weeks after sprain 4-8 weeks after sprain 12-16 weeks after sprain

_ injury pain 2-6 inches above heel morning pain that is sharp or burning can interfere with ADL

achilles tendinitis

inflammation commonly diagnosed in: *occurs with new activity starting exercise program too quickly shoulder elbow knee ankle

tendinitis or tendinopathy

ligament sprain grade _ minimal tenderness minimal impairment MICROSCOPIC TEARS

grade I RICE

Inflammatory condition of fascia of the foot _% or running pain

Plantar fasciitis 10%

3 phases of healing

Inflammatory Fibrolastic/ proliferation Maturation/ remodeling

Weakness in hip abductors Iliotibial band shortening and tenderness can cause

A limp due to pain

RICE Ice

Applied every hour for 10-20 min until swelling has passed

PFPS weak muscles : 2

Hip abductor and external rotator weakness

Stretching these is beneficial for clients with plantar fasciitis:3 _ techniques may help improve ROM

Gastrocnemius Soleus Plantar fascia Self myofascial release

2 common elbow injuries

Lateral and medial epicondylitis

client should avoid side lying positions squats and lunges AQUATIC exercise beneficial

trochanteric bursitis

this low body stretching program is effective for clients with _ targeting muscle-length deficits that affect the foot and ankle: 2

shin splints calf and anterior leg muscles

most common reported knee injury *most commonly occur with: commonly seen in _individuals

injury to the menisci trauma or degeneration older individuals

ankle sprain exercise progression: 3

forward running sidestepping multidirectional (carioca)

_risk factors for_ ``` errors in training prior injuries poor foot wear muscle weakness poor flexibility ``` these factors responsible for _ tendon trauma

extrinsic factors for achilles tendinitis acute tendon trauma

individuals _ years or older at risk for _ rupture

45 and older achilles tendon

PFPS tight muscle Hamstrings

Causes posterior force to the knee leading to increased contact btwn the patella and femur

softening or wearing away of cartilidge behind the patella common symptom

chondromalacia pain walking up/down stairs

lateral epicondylitis AKA overuse / trauma of

tennis elbow wrist extensor muscles near their origin

stretch _ : 2 tight muscles and decreased length in achilles tendon after after immobilization from ankle sprain:

gastrocnemius and soleus

tightness in _ can cause PFPS due to its LATERAL dascial connectionc to the patella

IT band complex

Strengthen the _ for a client with trochanteric bursitis

Gluteals

_ injury primarily caused by training errors

ITBS