chapter 15

Question 1

evolution

Answer 1

The gradual change over time

Question 2

artificial selection

Answer 2

Breeding organisms with a specific trait to obtain offspring with that desired trait

Question 3

natural selection

Answer 3

Those organisms with the genes that are best fit to their environment live to pass on those genes

Question 4

mimicry

Answer 4

A structural adaptation that allows one species to look like another

Question 5

camouflage

Answer 5

A structural adaptation that allows an organism to blend in with its environment

Question 6

homologous

Answer 6

Same structure, different function

Question 7

analogous structure

Answer 7

Same function, different structure

Question 8

vestigial structure

Answer 8

An organ or body part that no longer serves its original purpose

Question 9

embryo

Answer 9

The earliest stage of growth and development

Question 10

directional selection

Answer 10

A type of natural selection in which one of the extreme variations of the alleles is favored

Question 11

disruptive selection

Answer 11

A type of natural selection in which both of the extreme alleles are favored over the average

Question 12

speciation

Answer 12

The evolution of a new species

Question 13

geographic isolation

Answer 13

Occurs whenever a physical barrier divides a population

Question 14

reproductive isolation

Answer 14

When formerly interbreeding organisms can no longer mate and produce fertile offspring.

Question 15

polyploidy

Answer 15

Any individual or species with more than the normal amount of chromosomes

Question 16

gradualism

Answer 16

The idea that species originate thru gradual change of adaptations

Question 17

punctuated equilibrium

Answer 17

The hypothesis that states that speciation occurs in rapid bursts with long periods of genetic equilibrium in between.

Question 18

adaptive radiation

Answer 18

When an ancestral species evolves into an array of new and different species (a type of divergent evolution)

Question 19

divergent evolution

Answer 19

When a species becomes different from its ancestral species

Question 20

convergent evolution

Answer 20

An evolutionary pattern in which distantly related organisms evolve similar traits