Chapter 15

Question 1

Theory

Answer 1

a well-supported testable explanation of phenomena that have occurred in the natural world

Question 2

Note:
Darwin made observations and collected evidence that made him propose a revolutionary hypothesis about the way life changes over time

Answer 2

This hypothesis prompted the theory of evolution

Question 3

Fossil

Answer 3

the remains of ancient organisms

Question 4

Note:

Important Finding

Answer 4

Darwin observed that the characteristics of many animals and plants varied noticeably among the different islands

Question 5

Artificial Selection

Answer 5

Nature provided the variation, and humans selected those variations that they found useful

Question 6

Struggle for Existence

Answer 6

Means that members of each species compete regularly to obtain food, living space, and the other necessities of life

Question 7

Fitness

Answer 7

the ability of an individual to survive and reproduce in its specific environment

Question 8

Adaptation

Answer 8

any inherited characteristic that increases an organism’s chance of survival

Question 9

Survival of the Fittest

Answer 9

Individuals that are better suited to their environment and survive and reproduce successfully

Question 10

Natural Selection

Answer 10

AKA survival of the fittest

Question 11

Descent with Modification

Answer 11

Individual species came from with no changes over time

Question 12

Common Descent

Answer 12

We have common ancestors of all living things

Question 13

Homologous Structure

Answer 13

structures that have different mature forms but develop from the same embryonic tissue

Question 14

Evolution

Answer 14

change over time; the process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms