Chapter 15&16 Flashcards
How do we know if someone has a psychological disorder?
Deviation
Maladaptive
Personal Distress
What are the three most common psychological disorders ?
Substance use disorders
Anxiety disorders
Mood disorders
Explain mood disorders?
Class of disorders marked by emotional disturbances that may disrupt physical, perceptual, social, and thought processes
What are the two classes of mood disorders?
A. Bipolar I
B. Depressive disorder
Explain major depressive disorder?
Prolonged feelings of sadness and despair and loss of interest in previous source of pleasure
What indicates major depressive disorder?
- Duration of symptoms
2. Degree of disruption to life
What is Bipolar I disorder?
At least one episode of mania plus episodes of depression
What causes a mood disorder?
Complex interactions between psychological and biological factors
List the causes of a mood disorder.
- Genetic vulnerability
- Hormonal factors
- Stress
- Personality traits
- Interpersonal factors
- Cognitive factors
- Concussions
Explain anxiety disorders.
Marked by feelings of excessive apprehension and anxiety
Explain generalized anxiety disorder.
Ongoing feeling of anxiety and worry, not focused on any particular object of situation. Aka “free floating”
Explain phobia’s
Persistent and irrational fear of an object or situation that does not pose a realistic threat
What are the symptoms of a phobia
Anticipatory reaction
Extreme fear and distress
Avoidance behaviour
Physical reaction
Explain panic disorders.
Attacks of overwhelming anxiety that occurs suddenly and unexpectedly
What is agoraphobia?
Fear of going into public places
What are the causes of anxiety disorder?
- Genetic vulnerability
- Conditioning and learning
- Cognitive factors
- Stress
Explain classical conditioning.
An object or event/situation is paired with a powerful negative emotion so the event comes to trigger and emotional response
Explain operant conditioning
Avoidance of the object is reinforced because it allows you to avoid the fear/panic response
What are the symptoms of schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders?
- Delusions and irrational thought
- Deterioration of adaptive behaviour
- Perceptual distortion
- Emotional disturbances
Explain schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders.
A class of disorders with a common feature or a break from reality due to symptoms of hallucinations and delusions
What causes psychotic disorders?
Genetic vulnerability
Neurodevelopmental hypothesis
Lifestyle
Stress
What percentage of police contacts involve mental health?
20-30%
Explain personality disorders.
Long standing, extreme, inflexible, personality traits that cause distress or impaired social or occupational functioning
What are the symptoms of schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders?
- Delusions and irrational thought
- Deterioration of adaptive behaviour
- Perceptual distortion
- Emotional disturbances
Explain schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders.
A class of disorders with a common feature or a break from reality due to symptoms of hallucinations and delusions
What causes psychotic disorders?
Genetic vulnerability
Neurodevelopmental hypothesis
Lifestyle
Stress
What are the types of personality disorders?
Odd Eccentric cluster
Anxious fearful cluster
Dramatic erratic cluster
Antisocial
What is psychotherapy?
The treatment of psychological problems and mental health disorders
Provides verbal interactions intended to enhance clients self knowledge and thus promote healthy changes in personal behaviour
Insight “talk” therapy
What is insight “talk” therapy
Provides verbal interactions intended to enhance clients self knowledge and thus promote healthy changes in personal behaviour
Psychodynamic therapy: Freud
Unconscious conflicts usually from early childhood are source of current problem
Unconscious conflicts usually from early childhood are source of current problem
Psychodynamic therapy: Freud
Psychoanalysis
Goal is to identify/resolve unconscious conflict through interpretation of clues generated by the unconscious
Goal is to identify/resolve unconscious conflict through interpretation of clues generated by the unconscious
Psychoanalysis
Who founded client centred therapy ?
Carl Rogers
What is client cantered therapy ?
Providing supportive emotional climate and letting the client determine the pace and direction of therapy
What three conditions must the therapist provide in client cantered therapy ?
Genuineness
Empathy
Unconditional
What is the goal of client cantered therapy?
Reconstruct self concept to better correspond to reality
What are the basic assumptions of behavioural therapies ?
1) most maladaptive behaviours are learned
2) what has been learned can be unlearned
What is systematic desensitization ?
Reduces anxiety by having clients visualize/be exposed to object or
