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Psychology Test 3 > CHAPTER 15 > Flashcards

CHAPTER 15 Flashcards

Psychological Disorders

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1
Q

What are the 4 D’s to know if one has a psychological disorder?

A

Deviance, Distress, Disfunction, Danger

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2
Q

Deviance

A

recurring behaviours, thoughts, or emotions that deviate from the typical expectations of a society

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3
Q

Distress

A

the behaviour causes distress to oneself or others

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4
Q

Disfunction

A

the behaviour interferes with daily functioning

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5
Q

Danger

A

the behaviour is harmful to oneself or others

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6
Q

When does a behaviour or mental state become deviant?

A

when it varies from what would be expected, given the cultural context

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7
Q

Culture-Bound Syndromes

A

disorders which are unique to certain cultures

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8
Q

What do culture-bound syndromes do?

A

demonstrate how culture can play a role in both causing & defining a disorder

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9
Q

What was Pinel’s approach to disorders?

A

Disorders are caused by environmental
factors

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10
Q

Moral Treatment (for people with disorders in Pinel’s time)

A

improvements in environment (unchaining!) & holding patient dances (rather than beatings)

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11
Q

What was the Syphilis Breakthrough

A

the discovery that it causes mental symptoms by infecting the brain

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12
Q

Psychological Disorders: Psychopathology

A

an illness of the mind

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13
Q

Biospcyhosocial Approach

A
  • genetic predispositions
  • physiological
    factors/states
  • inner psychological dynamics
  • social & cultural circumstances
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14
Q

Culture bound disorders: (Malaysia) Amok

A

Sudden outburst of violent behaviour

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15
Q

Culture bound disorders: (Latin America) Susto

A

Severe anxiety, restlessness, & fear of black magic

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16
Q

Culture bound disorders: (Japan) Taijin Kyofusho

A

Social anxiety about appearance, readiness to blush, and fear of eye contact

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17
Q

Culture bound disorders: (Western societies) Bulimia nervosa

A

eating disorder

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18
Q

What is the DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders)?

A

One system of classification of Psychological Disorders

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19
Q

Classifying Psychological Disorders

A

Predict, suggest, prompt

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20
Q

Criticisms of the DSM

A

Pathologizing, Arbitrary cutoffs, Lack of sensitivity, Diagnostic labels can bias us toward perceiving a disorder

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21
Q

Rates of Psychological Disorders

A

Highest in U.S., very low rates in Nigeria, China, & Japan, Mexican-Americans = at greater risk of mental disorder vs. those born in Mexico who immigrate

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22
Q

Risk Factors and Onset: Poverty-Disorder association

A

Incidence of serious psychological disorders is double among those below the poverty line

23
Q

Risk Factors and Onset: Age of onset varies by disorder

A

By early adulthood, around 75% will experience their first symptom

24
Q

Neurodiversity

A

Different way of processing the world

25
Q

Discomfort

A

Feel somewhat uncomfortable BUT it’s not dangerous to your well-being

26
Q

Distress

A

Approaching dangerous territory for your well-being

27
Q

What are Anxiety Disorders

A
  • Pervasive, persistent anxiety
  • Excessive avoidance/escape
  • Significant distress/impairment
28
Q

Types of Phobias: Agoraphobia

A

Phobia of open places

29
Q

Types of Phobias: Acrophobia

A

Phobia of heights

30
Q

Types of Phobias: Claustrophobia

A

Phobia of closed spaces

31
Q

Types of Phobias: Hemophobia

A

Phobia of blood

32
Q

Types of Phobias: Triskaidekaphobia

A

The number 13

33
Q

Types of Phobias: uxoriphobia

A

One’s wife

34
Q

Types of Phobias: Santa Claustrophopbia

A

Getting stuck in a chimney

35
Q

Types of Phobias: phobophobia

A

Fear itself

36
Q

Social Anxiety Disorder

A

Fear of being rejected, judged, or humiliated

37
Q

Social Anxiety Disorder Vulnerabilities:

Biological

A
  • Genetic predisposition; “Shyness”
38
Q

Social Anxiety Disorder Vulnerabilities:

Cognitive

A
  • Misinterpret cues – e.g., “Everyone hates me”
  • Perfectionism standards
39
Q

Social Anxiety Disorder Vulnerabilities:

Social/Learning

A
  • Rejection by peers
  • Over-controlling, critical parents
  • Prepared conditioning
40
Q

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

A
  • Obsessions (unwanted thoughts)
  • Compulsions (behaviours in response to
    thoughts)
41
Q

The two sub-types of OCD

A
  • Symmetry/Just Right
  • Cleaning/Contamination
42
Q

Cognitive- Behavioural Vulnerabilities: Cognition

A
  • Thoughts as unacceptable
  • Intolerance of uncertainty
  • Personal responsibility
43
Q

Cognitive- Behavioural Vulnerabilities: Behaviour

A

Compulsions are negatively reinforced (reduce fear)

44
Q

Hoarding disorder

A
  • Difficulty getting rid of possessions
  • Living space is severely cluttered
  • Significant impairment in social, occupational, & other important areas of functioning
45
Q

Trichotillomania

A
  • Recurrent pulling out of one’s hair, resulting in hair loss
  • Repeated attempts to decrease or stop hair pulling
46
Q

Window of Tolerance

A

You feel like you can deal with what’s happening in your life.

47
Q

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

A

▪Experiencing extreme stressors
▪Experience/witness trauma
▪Learn about trauma to someone close
▪Repeated or extreme exposure to details

48
Q

Mood Disorders

A

disabling mood disturbance

49
Q

Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymic Disorder)

A

Milder depressed mood for most of the day more days than not for ≥ 2 years

50
Q

Neuroendocrine (related to depressive disorders)

A
  • Chronically elevated cortisol
  • Related to early stress
  • Reduced development of new neurons
51
Q

Neurotransmitters

A
  • Low serotonin = poor regulation of sleep, emotion, appetite
  • Dysregulation of norepinephrine and dopamine
52
Q

Basic Cognitive Model of Depression

A
  • Stressful Life Events
  • Cognitions
  • Depression
53
Q

What does bipolar disorder alternate between?

A

Depression and mania

54
Q

Bipolar Disorder

A

Persistent elevated mood/euphoria
OR
Irritability

Psychology Test 3 (1 decks)

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