Chapter 15

Question 1

What are the three parts of immunity?

Answer 1

Nonspecific surface defenses

Innate immunity (Nonspecific)

Adaptive Immunity (Specific)

Question 2

What are the components of Nonspecific surfaces defenses?

Answer 2

Structural

Mechanical

Biochemical

Question 3

What are the componenets of innate immunity (Nonspecific)

Answer 3

Complement

Phagocytosis

Inflammation

Fever

Viral specific defenses

Question 4

What are the components of adaptive immunity (Specific)?

Answer 4

Humoral immunity

Cellular immunity

Question 5

What do structural defenses entail?

Answer 5

Epithelial surafces

Keratinized skin

Mucous membranes

Skin shed

Question 6

What do mechanical defenses do to provide immunity?

Answer 6

Peristalsis keeps bacteria from settling along the GI

Mucociliary system- Produces mucus to trap organisms and ciliary movememnts sweep it out

Blood fluids physically remove microbes from surfaces (urine,tears)

Question 7

What biochemical provide immunity?

Answer 7

Sebum/Fatty acids on skin

Sweat makes skin salty

Stomach HCl

Bile distrupts envelope

Lysozyme secretions break down peptidoglycan

Question 8

If pathogens get past nonspecific surfaces defenses what comes into play?

Answer 8

Innate immunty

Question 9

What is the difference between granular and agranular leukocytes?

Answer 9

Granular Leukocytes account for about 50-70% of all WBCs, and include neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils.
Agranular Leukocytes account for 25-35% of all WBCs. They include lymphocytes and monocytes.

Granular produce granulars

Question 10

What is complement?

Answer 10

A defense system consisting of serum proteins found in blood. lymph. and extracellular fluids.

Question 11

What are the consequences of complement?

Answer 11

Cytolysis

Initiate inflammation- cascade protein lyses a mast cell releasing histamine

Opsonization - cascade protein attach to capsule enabling the macrophage to engulf it more easily.

Question 12

Describe the classical pathway of complement

Answer 12

Complement is activated by the presence of an antibody bound to a microogranism

Question 13

How does the lectin pathway of complement work?

Answer 13

Lectin path occurs when a host protein binds to sugar present in the walls of fungi and other microbes.

Question 14

What are the two leukocytes that preform phagocytosis?

Answer 14

Macrophases and neutrophils

Question 15

What are the four steps in order of phagocytosis?

Answer 15

1. Recognition
2. Engulfment
3. Digestion
4. Expulsion

Question 16

What does inflammation serve for?

Answer 16

Mobilize & attract immune cells to the site

Mobilize repair and clean up of site

Destory microbes and block further infeciton

Question 17

What are the three parts of fever?

Answer 17

Chills: Being cooled

Fever

Crisis: sweating and cooling

Question 18

What are virus specific defenses?

Answer 18

Interfeons - small proteins that impair vira replication

Passed from infected neighbor to health cells

Question 19

What are Natural Killer Cells and how do they stop infected host cells?

Answer 19

They are leukoctes