Chapter 15 Flashcards
The upper respiratory tract includes all of the following except?
Trachea
The lower respiratory includes all the following except?
Larynx
The respiratory mucosa
Lines most of the air distribution tubes
The respiratory membrane?
Lines most of the air distribution tubes and is another term for respiratory mucosa
The mucous blanket?
Traps dust and pollen and other contaminants
The cisterna chylia
Is part of the thoracic duct
The respiratory mucosa helps protect the respiratory system by
trapping bacteria, moving contaminated mucus towards the pharynx, and having ciliated epithelium beat in only one direction
The partition that divides the nasal cavities is called the
nasal septum
All of the following are paranasal sinuses except the
mandibular sinus
The lacrimal sacs drain directly into the
nasal cavity
The thyroid cartilage (Adam’s apple) is part of the
larynx
Which of these structures is not in the larynx?
Palatine tonsils
The function of the epiglottis is to
keep food from entering the trachea
All of the following structures contain cartilage in their walls except the
bronchioles
The smallest of the air distribution tubes in the respiratory tract are the
alveolar ducts
The function of the surfactant in the lung is to help
reduce the surface tension of water in the alveoli
The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and blood in the lung is called
external respiration
The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and cells throughout the body is called
internal respiration
During inspiration
the chest cavity expands
During expiration
the diaphragm relaxes and moves up into the thoracic cavity, the chest cavity is reduced in volume and the pressure in the thoracic cavity increases
The most important muscle(s) of inspiration is (are) the
diaphragm
Oxygen in the lung
converts hemoglobin to oxyhemoglobin
Carbon dioxide in the tissue cells
converts hemoglobin to carbaminohemoglobin and is carried as bicarbonate ions in the blood
The amount of air moved into and out of the lung during normal breathing is called
Tidal volume
The largest amount of air that can be breathed in and out in one breath is called
Vital capacity
Which volume is not included in vital capacity?
Residual volume
The inspiratory and expiratory centers are located in the
medulla
Which term refers to a normal respiratory rate?
Eupnea
Dyspnea is labored breathing that is often associated with
hypoventilation
Which of the following structures is involved in the air distribution function of the respiratory system?
Trachea and bronchi
Which of the following structures is involved in the gas exchange function of the respiratory system?
Alveoli
Which of the following is not covered by the respiratory mucosa?
Alveoli
Conchae are shelflike structures found in the
Nasal cavities
The space between the vocal cords is called the
glottis
Another term for pulmonary ventilation is
Breathing
Another name for the nostrils of the nose is
external nares
The auditory, or eustachian, tubes connect the
middle ear with the nasopharynx
Which of the following is not a function of the conchae?
It is the location of the sense of smell.
These tonsils are not in the pharynx
lingual
The order in which food or air would pass through the pharynx would
nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
The surface area for gas exchange of all the alveoli is about
100 square meters
Which of the following is not true of the pleura?
An inflammation of the pleura is called a pneumothorax.
The partial pressure of oxygen in the blood returning to the lungs from the body is about
40 mm Hg
The partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the blood returning to the lungs from the body is about
46 mm Hg
In order for gas exchange to occur properly in the lungs
the partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli must be greater than the partial pressure of oxygen in the blood and the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli must be less than the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the blood
Oxygen in the blood is carried most efficiently by
combining with hemoglobin in blood cells
Carbon dioxide in the blood is carried most efficiently by
bicarbonate ions
Which term describes the group of control centers in the brainstem that produce the basic rhythm of breathing?
Medullary rhythmicity area
Which of the following are the two most important control centers in the medulla for regulating breathing rhythm?
Ventral respiratory group; dorsal respiratory group
