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A&P Final > Chapter 15 > Flashcards

Chapter 15 Flashcards

1
Q

what is an interoceptor?

A

Sensory receptors located in blood vessels , organs , muscle etc that monitor conditions of the internal environment

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2
Q

What does the autonomic nervous system control?

A

Smooth muscles
Cardiac muscles
Endocrine glands
Exocrine glands

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3
Q

What does the autonomic nervous system NOT control?

A

Skeletal muscle

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4
Q

What are the two motor neurons in any autonomic pathway?

A

Preganglionic neuron
Postganglionic neuron

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5
Q

Describe a preganglionic neuron

A

-Cell body in brain or spinal cord
-Axon exits CNS as cranial or spinal nerve
-small diameter
-myelinated Type B fiber

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6
Q

Describe the postganglionic neuron

A

-Lies entirely outside of CNS in the PNS
-cell body dendrites located in autonomic ganglion
-small diameter
-unmyelinated Type C fiber

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7
Q

What neurotransmitter does a preganglionic neuron use?

A

Acetylcholine (ACh)

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8
Q

Where is a preganglionic neuron cell body located ?

A

Brain or spinal cord

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9
Q

Is a preganglionic neuron myelinated or non myelinated?

A

Myelinated Type B

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10
Q

Which is short and which is long between the sympathetic preganglionic and the parasympathetic preganglionic neurons?

A

sympathetic preganglionic are short

parasympathetic preganglionic are long

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11
Q

Which is short and which is long between the sympathetic postganglionic and the parasympathetic postganglionic neurons?

A

sympathetic postganglionic are long

parasympathetic postganglionic are short

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12
Q

Where is the location you can find the sympathetic nerves?

A

T1-L2

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13
Q

What is the location of the parasympathetic nerves in the cranial?

A

Sacral with the cranial nerves 3,7,9,10

Sacral nerves S2-S4

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14
Q

What are the events of the sympathetic motor pathway ?

A
  • nerve starts in spine (T1-L2)
    -synapses/ releases Acetycholine
    -acetylcholine binds nicotinic receptor
    -postganglionic neuron depolarizes
    -postganglionic neuron releases acetylcholine
    Acetylcholine binds to sweat glands muscarinic receptor
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15
Q

What is the largest plexus of the sympathetic system?

A

celiac “plexus

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16
Q

What is the largest plexus?
Cardiac
Celiac
Renal

A

celiac “plexus

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17
Q

what are the two neurotransmitters of the autonomic nervous system that are mostly used ?

A

acetylcholine and norepinephrine

18
Q

What are the cholinergic receptors?

A

Internal membrane proteins
Bind to acetycholine

19
Q

What regulates the autonomic tone?

A

Hypothalamus

20
Q

If you are RUNNING from something and using your sympathetic nervous system the intestines and bladder shut down. Heart rate increases, airway dilates, and pupils dilate . There is no need to digest food or secrete enzymes break down food. Shut down the digestive system to ensure that all energy is being used to get away .

A

Yes true

21
Q

What regions do the superior cervical ganglion serve?

A

the carotid plexus whose fibres run with the carotid arteries and provide sympathetic innervation to the head

22
Q

What supplies the stomach with postganglionic neurons?

A

Celiac ganglion

23
Q

What does the lumbar splanchnic nerve supply?

A

provides sympathetic innervation to the adrenal medulla.

Specifically, it supplies the alimentary canal, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, adrenal medulla, and the spleen.

24
Q

Which autonomic structures serve the heart?

A

Vagus nerve
__________
__________?

25
Q

Which two cranial nerves are the motor pathway for the salivary glands?

A

It can only be 3,7,9 or 10

26
Q

Which cranial nerve is the parasympathetic supply to the liver?

A

Vagus nerve

27
Q

The heart and lungs are innervated by what branches of the sympathetic nerves

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic fibres

Cardiac plexus

right and left vagus nerves

28
Q

What neurotransmitter is released at the kidney due to sympathetic activity

A

Norepinephrine

29
Q

What is released at the autonomic ganglia by the preganglionic nerve?

A

Acetycholine

30
Q

The preganglionic neuron of the sympathetic nervous system releases what?

A

acetylcholine

31
Q

Acetycholine is released by ___________ neurons and norepinephrine is released by _____________ neurons .

A

Cholinergic (ach)

Adrenergic (epi)

32
Q

What can prevent a rise in the heart rate?

A

Beta blockers

33
Q

What are splanchnic nerves?

A

Nerves formed beyond the sympathetic trunk that extend to outlying prevertabral ganglia

Splanchnic refers to viscera/ abdomen

34
Q

What is autonomic reflexia

A

Response’s that occur when nerve impulses pass through an autonomic reflex arc

35
Q

Automatic reflexes is also known as

A

Visceral

36
Q

What is a horner syndrome?

A

A disrupted nerve pathway on one side from the brain to the face and eye.

absence or reduction in the sympathetic (autonomic) nerve supply to the eye.

37
Q

What is diabetic neuropathy ?

A

A type of nerve damage that can occur with diabetes.

38
Q

Where would you find the B3 Adrenergic receptor ?

A

on the cell surface of both white and brown adipocytes

39
Q

What days out salivary secretions?

A

Anticholinergic

40
Q

Study picture

A

Study pic

41
Q

Study pic

A

Pic

A&P Final (2 decks)

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