Chapter 15 Flashcards
what is an interoceptor?
Sensory receptors located in blood vessels , organs , muscle etc that monitor conditions of the internal environment
What does the autonomic nervous system control?
Smooth muscles
Cardiac muscles
Endocrine glands
Exocrine glands
What does the autonomic nervous system NOT control?
Skeletal muscle
What are the two motor neurons in any autonomic pathway?
Preganglionic neuron
Postganglionic neuron
Describe a preganglionic neuron
-Cell body in brain or spinal cord
-Axon exits CNS as cranial or spinal nerve
-small diameter
-myelinated Type B fiber
Describe the postganglionic neuron
-Lies entirely outside of CNS in the PNS
-cell body dendrites located in autonomic ganglion
-small diameter
-unmyelinated Type C fiber
What neurotransmitter does a preganglionic neuron use?
Acetylcholine (ACh)
Where is a preganglionic neuron cell body located ?
Brain or spinal cord
Is a preganglionic neuron myelinated or non myelinated?
Myelinated Type B
Which is short and which is long between the sympathetic preganglionic and the parasympathetic preganglionic neurons?
sympathetic preganglionic are short
parasympathetic preganglionic are long
Which is short and which is long between the sympathetic postganglionic and the parasympathetic postganglionic neurons?
sympathetic postganglionic are long
parasympathetic postganglionic are short
Where is the location you can find the sympathetic nerves?
T1-L2
What is the location of the parasympathetic nerves in the cranial?
Sacral with the cranial nerves 3,7,9,10
Sacral nerves S2-S4
What are the events of the sympathetic motor pathway ?
- nerve starts in spine (T1-L2)
-synapses/ releases Acetycholine
-acetylcholine binds nicotinic receptor
-postganglionic neuron depolarizes
-postganglionic neuron releases acetylcholine
Acetylcholine binds to sweat glands muscarinic receptor
What is the largest plexus of the sympathetic system?
celiac “plexus
What is the largest plexus?
Cardiac
Celiac
Renal
celiac “plexus
what are the two neurotransmitters of the autonomic nervous system that are mostly used ?
acetylcholine and norepinephrine
What are the cholinergic receptors?
Internal membrane proteins
Bind to acetycholine
What regulates the autonomic tone?
Hypothalamus
If you are RUNNING from something and using your sympathetic nervous system the intestines and bladder shut down. Heart rate increases, airway dilates, and pupils dilate . There is no need to digest food or secrete enzymes break down food. Shut down the digestive system to ensure that all energy is being used to get away .
Yes true
What regions do the superior cervical ganglion serve?
the carotid plexus whose fibres run with the carotid arteries and provide sympathetic innervation to the head
What supplies the stomach with postganglionic neurons?
Celiac ganglion
What does the lumbar splanchnic nerve supply?
provides sympathetic innervation to the adrenal medulla.
Specifically, it supplies the alimentary canal, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, adrenal medulla, and the spleen.
Which autonomic structures serve the heart?
Vagus nerve
__________
__________?
Which two cranial nerves are the motor pathway for the salivary glands?
It can only be 3,7,9 or 10
Which cranial nerve is the parasympathetic supply to the liver?
Vagus nerve
The heart and lungs are innervated by what branches of the sympathetic nerves
sympathetic and parasympathetic fibres
Cardiac plexus
right and left vagus nerves
What neurotransmitter is released at the kidney due to sympathetic activity
Norepinephrine
What is released at the autonomic ganglia by the preganglionic nerve?
Acetycholine
The preganglionic neuron of the sympathetic nervous system releases what?
acetylcholine
Acetycholine is released by ___________ neurons and norepinephrine is released by _____________ neurons .
Cholinergic (ach)
Adrenergic (epi)
What can prevent a rise in the heart rate?
Beta blockers
What are splanchnic nerves?
Nerves formed beyond the sympathetic trunk that extend to outlying prevertabral ganglia
Splanchnic refers to viscera/ abdomen
What is autonomic reflexia
Response’s that occur when nerve impulses pass through an autonomic reflex arc
Automatic reflexes is also known as
Visceral
What is a horner syndrome?
A disrupted nerve pathway on one side from the brain to the face and eye.
absence or reduction in the sympathetic (autonomic) nerve supply to the eye.
What is diabetic neuropathy ?
A type of nerve damage that can occur with diabetes.
Where would you find the B3 Adrenergic receptor ?
on the cell surface of both white and brown adipocytes
What days out salivary secretions?
Anticholinergic
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