Chapter 15

Question 1

When swallowing​ occurs, the structure that occludes the tracheal opening to prevent aspiration of food and liquid is​ the:

Answer 1

epiglottis.

Question 2

The amount of gas moved in and out of the respiratory tract in one minute is​ termed:

Answer 2

minute volume.

Question 3

A​ fine, bubbling sound heard on inspiration and associated with fluid in the alveoli and terminal bronchioles is​ called:

Answer 3

rales​ (crackles).

Question 4

The movement of oxygen from the alveoli to the blood in the pulmonary capillaries depends​ on:

Answer 4

diffusion of oxygen from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Question 5

Which of the following interferes with ventilation in the presence of a flail​ segment?

Answer 5

The ability to generate negative intrathoracic pressure is impaired.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a structure of the upper​ airway?
A.
Trachea
B.
Larynx
C.
Nasopharynx
D.
Hypopharynx

Answer 6

Trachea

Question 7

Without adequate airway maintenance and​ ventilation, the patient can succumb to brain injury or death in how many​ minutes? 10,12,4,6?

Answer 7

4

Question 8

Applying posteriorly directed pressure on the cricoid cartilage to facilitate endotracheal intubation is also referred to​ as:

Answer 8

cricoid pressure.

Question 9

Which of the following is the most common cause of airway​ obstruction?

Answer 9

Tongue

Question 10

As the thoracic cavity begins to​ expand, the intrathoracic​ pressure:
A.
is greater than atmospheric pressure.
Your answer is not correct.
B.
is less than atmospheric pressure.
C.
is the same as atmospheric pressure.
D.
does not change.

Answer 10

b. is less than atomsopheric pressure

Question 11

Of the normal tidal volume for the average​ 70-kg adult, what amount of air​ (in mL) is NOT available for gas​ exchange?

Answer 11

150

Question 12

Progressively​ deeper, faster breathing alternating gradually with​ shallow, slower breathing is​ called:

Answer 12

​Cheyne-Stokes respirations.

Question 13

Moderate hypoxemia is indicated with a pulse oximeter reading of​ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ percent.
A.
90 to 94
B.
86 to 90
C.
95 to 100
D.
81 to 85

Answer 13

86-90

Question 14

During spontaneous​ breathing, which of the following reflexes prevents overexpansion of the​ lungs?

Answer 14

Hering-Breuer

Question 15

In an​ adult, the narrowest part of the airway is​ the:

Answer 15

Glottis

Question 16

The bifurcation of the trachea is called​ the:

Answer 16

carina.

Question 17

Which of the following increases the risk of foreign body airway​ obstruction?
A.
Dentures
B.
Age
C.
Alcohol consumption
D.
All of the above

Answer 17

D all of the above

Question 18

A​ high-pitched inspiratory noise caused by a partial upper airway obstruction is​ called:

Answer 18

stridor.

Question 19

What is the normal partial pressure of oxygen​ (in torr) in the arterial​ blood?
A.
50 to 75
B.
80 to 100
C.
100 to 150
D.
35 to 45

Answer 19

b. 80-100

Question 20

Which of the following manual airway maneuvers should be used when you are caring for a patient with a suspected cervical spine​ injury?

Answer 20

Modified​ jaw-thrust

Question 21

During a respiratory​ assessment, the absence of breath sounds may​ indicate:
A.
bronchitis.
B.
a pneumothorax.
C.
a pulmonary embolism.
D.
flail chest.

Answer 21

B. Pneumothorax

Question 22

​Physiologically, the term respiration refers to​ the:
A.
mechanical process that moves air into and out of the lungs.
B.
exchange of gases at the​ alveolar-capillary interface.
C.
exchange of gases at the cellular level.
D.
exchange of all​ gases, nutrients, and wastes at the cellular level.

Answer 22

C. Exchange of gases at the cellular level

Question 23

A peak flow meter​ measures:
A.
the force of expiratory volume.
B.
inspiratory reserve volume.
C.
respiratory efficacy during forced expiration.
D.
tidal volume.

Answer 23

C. Respiratory efficacy during forced expiration

Question 24

The hypoxic drive is stimulated​ by:
A.
low PaO2.
B.
high PaO2.
C.
low PaCO2.
D.
high PaCO2.

Answer 24

A.

low PaO2.

Question 25

When a portion of the lung is unavailable for gas​ exchange, yet pulmonary circulation continues in that area of the​ lung, a condition known as​ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ results.
A.
atelectasis
B.
eupnea
C.
​ventilation/perfusion mismatch
D.
pulsus paradoxus

Answer 25

C. Ventilation/perfusion mismatch

Question 26

A​ musical, squeaking, or whistling sound that may be heard on inspiration or expiration while auscultating lung fields is known​ as: 
A.
ctridor.
B.
crackles.
C.
wheezing
D.
rhonchi.

Answer 26

C. Wheezing

Question 27

A drop in blood pressure of greater than 10 torr during inspiration is​ called:
A.
pulsus alternans.
B.
pulsus tardus.
C.
pulsus obliterans.
D.
pulsus paradoxus.

Answer 27

D.

pulsus paradoxus.

Question 28

​Shallow, slow, or infrequent​ breathing, indicating severe ICP buildup and brain​ anoxia, is known​ as:
A.
​Kussmaul's respirations.
B.
​Biot's respirations.
C.
grunting.
D.
agonal respirations.

Answer 28

D.

agonal respirations.

Question 29

A​ slow, deep, involuntary inspiration followed by a prolonged expiration that hyperinflates the lungs and​ re-expands atelectatic alveoli is​ a:
A.
sigh.
B.
grunt.
C.
sneeze.
D.
hiccough.

Answer 29

A. Sigh

Question 30

At the end of​ exhalation, the intrathoracic pressure​ is:

A.
significantly less than atmospheric pressure.
B.
slightly less than atmospheric pressure.
C.
equal to atmospheric pressure.
D.
greater than atmospheric pressure.

Answer 30

C. Equal to atmospheric pressure