Chapter 15 Flashcards
One of the most important experiences that a stylist provides is a _______.
Shampoo
Often called simply “the shampoo”, this first step of the service actually encompasses three different processes: scalp care and massage, shampooing, and _______.
Conditioning
What are the two basic requirements for maintaining a healthy scalp?
Cleanliness and stimulation
When are scalp treatments performed?
Before or during the shampoo
_______ is contraindicated, or not recommended, for clients with severe, uncontrolled hypertension.
Massage
What factor differs between a relaxation scalp massage and a treatment scalp massage?
the products that are used
A stylist should recommend a hair or scalp treatment only after having performed a(n) _______.
hair and scalp examination
During a dry hair and scalp treatment, a _______, which resembles a hooded dryer, can be used to help resolve the moisture balance in the hair.
scalp steamer
Modern antidandruff shampoos, conditioners, and topical lotions contain anti-fungal agents that control dandruff by suppressing the growth of a fungus called _______.
malessezia
Brushing, massaging, or shampooing the scalp is not recommended if the scalp is irritated, prior to a chemical or haircolor service, or before/after a _______ service.
highlighting
Brushes with _______ bristles have many tiny overlapping layers or scales, which clean and add luster to the hair.
natural
If you encounter a client with any open wounds, reddened scalp irritations, abnormal scalp flaking, or infectious disease, discontinue the service(s) and refer them immediately and tactfully to a(n) _______.
physician
To be effective, a shampoo must remove all dirt, oils, cosmetics, and skin debris without _______.
adversely affecting the scalp or hair
Hair should be shampooed _______.
as often as necessary
Maintaining good _______ while shampooing will prevent unnecessary muscle aches, back strain, and fatigue.
posture
Hair that has been lightened, colored, permed, chemically relaxed, or processed with a keratin straightener is called _______.
chemically treated
Products are classified as either an alkaline solution or an acidic solution by measuring the amount of _______ in the solution.
hydrogen
What type of shampoo can leave the hair dry, brittle, porous, and causes fading in colored treated hair?
High-pH shampoo
Water is the most abundant and important element on Earth and is classified as a(n) _______.
universal solvent
Fresh water from lakes and streams is purified by _______, in which matter is allowed to sink to the bottom of the collecting reservoir.
sedimentation
What is a treatment that passes water through a porous substance, such as charcoal or a filter, for purification purposes?
Filtration
What chemical is added to fresh water before it enters the public water pipelines for the purpose of providing additional water purification by killing common bacteria?
Chlorine
What water purification process is used in the manufacture of cosmetics, in which water is heated until it becomes a vapor, then collected as a liquid?
Distillation
It is important for the stylist to determine if the local water supply to the salon is _______ because it may affect the outcome of the clients’ chemical services.
soft or hard
The main ingredient in most shampoos is _______.
water
_______ water has had impurities, such as calcium, magnesium, and other metal ions, removed.
Deionized
Ingredients in shampoos, as well as all other manufactured products, are listed on the packaging according to the percentages of each ingredient or in _______.
descending order (greatest listed first)
The second ingredient listed in most shampoos is the _______, or base detergent, which contains the surface active cleaning agents.
primary surfactant
What term describes the water-attracting head of a surfactant molecule?
hydrophilic
The lipophilic tail of a surfactant molecule is considered to be _______.
oil-attracting
What are the shampoos that help close the hair cuticle and are balanced to the pH of skin and hair by the addition of citric, lactic, or phosphoric acid?
pH-balanced shampoos
_______ shampoo, also known as moisturizing shampoo, is designed to make the hair appear smooth and shiny and to improve the manageability of the hair.
conditioning
What are two conditioning agents that help restore moisture and elasticity to the hair shaft?
Protein and biotin
Products that do not remove artificial color from the hair are considered to be _______.
nonstripping
_______ shampoos contain special chemicals or drugs that are effective in reducing dandruff or relieving other scalp conditions, and may sometimes be prescribed by a physician.
Medicated
Which type of shampoo, containing an active chelating agent, should be used when a buildup on the hair is evident and prior to all chemical services?
Clarifying shampoo
What type of shampoo washes away excess oiliness while preventing the hair from drying out?
Balancing
What type of shampoo, also known as powder shampoo, cleanses the hair without the use of soap and water?
Dry
_______ shampoos, sometimes called soap-free shampoos, are formulated with little to no alkaline soap base, are compatible with hair and soft water sources, and are known to be sensitive to artificial hair color.
Sulfate-free
A _______ shampoo is designed to re-balance the pH level of your hair by neutralizing any alkali and unwanted residues in the hair.
neutralizing
Shampoos that are created by combining the surfactant base with basic color pigments are called _______.
color-enhancing shampoos
What type of shampoo is manufactured with artificial protein molecules added to the base to cling to the natural protein in the hair and give it extra strength?
keratin
What special chemical agents are applied to the hair to deposit protein or moisturizer to help restore the hair’s strength, infuse moisture, give hair body, and protect hair against possible breakage?
Conditioners
What substances absorb moisture or promote the retention of moisture in the hair?
Humectants
_______ conditioners are products designed to penetrate the cortex and reinforce the hair shaft from within while temporarily reconstructing the hair?
Protein
Which type of conditioning agent is used after a scalp treatment and before styling to remove oil accumulation from the scalp?
Scalp astringent lotions
_______, also known as hair masks or conditioning packs, are chemical mixtures of concentrated proteins and intensive moisturizers.
Deep-conditioning treatments
A _______ draping is also known as a wet draping.
shampoo
A _______ strip is less bulky than terry cloth towels and will allow a natural fall to the hair for more precision while cutting.
neck
When securing a cape as draping for a basic shampoo, do not let the cape touch the _______.
client’s skin
Do not massage or manipulate a client’s scalp if you detect the presence of _______.
abrasions
During the shampoo procedure, apply small quantities of shampoo to the hair beginning at the _______.
hairline
When manipulating the scalp during a shampoo, begin at the front hairline and work in a(n) _______.
back-and-forth movement
