Chapter 15-1-3

Question 1

A well supported explanation of phenomena that have occurred in the natural world

Answer 1

Theory

Question 2

Is the following sentence true or false? Darwin was looking for a scientific explanation for the diversity of life on Earth

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Observations Darwin Made

Answer 3

An enormous number of species inhabit Earth

Some species that lived in the past no longer live on Earth

Question 4

The preserved remains of ancient organisms are called

Answer 4

Fossils

Question 5

How did Darwin explain differences in shell shape of tortoises from Hood Island and Isabela Island

Answer 5

Hood island- curved shells

Isabela- domed shape shells

Question 6

Darwin observed that small brown birds on the Galápagos Islands differed in the shape of their

Answer 6

Beaks

Question 7

What did Darwin think about on his Journey home to England?

Answer 7

Thought about how the characteristics of plants and animals varied among the different islands

Question 8

After he returned to England, what hypothesis did Darwin develop to explain his findings?

Answer 8

Separate species evolved from one another on different islands

Question 9

Two Scientist who helped Darwin and others recognize how old Earth is were

Answer 9

James Hutton and Charles Lyell

Question 10

each sentence that is true about Lyell’s work

Answer 10

His work explained how awesome geological features could be built up or torn down over long periods of time
His publications helped Darwin appreciate the significance of the geological phenomenon that he had observed.
He stressed that scientist must explain past events in terms of processes that they can actually observe

Question 11

In what two ways did an understanding of geology influence Darwin?

Answer 11

Knowing that earth could change over time helped Darwin believe that life might change

Question 12

Is the following sentence true or false? Lamarck was among the first scientist to recognize that living things have changed over time

Answer 12

True

Question 13

Is the following sentence true or false? Lamarck proposed that all organisms have an innate tendency toward complexity and perfection

Answer 13

True

Question 14

How did Lamarck pave the way for the work of later biologist?

Answer 14

Was one of the first to develop scientific hypothesis of evolution

Question 15

Thomas Malthus

Answer 15

He was an important

Question 16

Thomas Malthus

Answer 16

He was an important

Question 17

Fitness

Answer 17

The ability of an individual to survive and reproduce in its specific environment

Question 18

Adaptation

Answer 18

Any inherited characteristic that increases an organisms chance of survival

Question 19

Natural selection

Answer 19

Survival of the fittest

Question 20

Is the following sentence true or false? Adaptations can be physical characteristics but not more complex features such as behavior

Answer 20

False

Question 21

Explain what Darwin meant by the phrase survival of the fittest

Answer 21

Natural selection

Question 22

The principle that living species descend, with changes, from other species over time is referred to as what

Answer 22

decent with modification

Question 23

The principle that all species were derived from common ancestors is known as what

Answer 23

Common decent

Question 24

How do fossils in different rock layers provide evidence of evolution?

Answer 24

Provided a view of now a species has oranges and produced different species over time.