Chapter 14 - Treatment to Psychological Disorders

Question 1

Insight

Answer 1

the conscious awareness of the psycho-dynamics that underlie psychological problems

Question 2

Free association

Answer 2

In psychoanalysis, the procedure of verbalizing All thoughts that enter consciousness without censorship

Question 3

Resistance

Answer 3

Defensive maneuvers that hinder the process of therapy

Question 4

Transference

Answer 4

Occurs when the client responds irrationally to the analyst as if they were important figure from the clients past

Question 5

Interpretation

Answer 5

Any statement by the therapist intended to provide the client with insight into his or her behavior or dynamics

Question 6

Interpersonal therapy

Answer 6

A form of brief therapy that focuses on the clients interpersonal problems and seeks to develop new interpersonal skills

Question 7

Rogers’s three important interrelated therapist attributes

Answer 7

Unconditional positive regard - Communicated when therapists show clients they care and aren’t judging them
Empathy - the willingness to view the world through the clients eyes
Genuineness - consistency between the way the therapist feels, and the way the y behave

Question 8

Ellis’s Rational emotive therapy - ABCD

Answer 8

A - activating event that seems to trigger the emotion
B - belief system that underlies the way in which a person appraises the event
C - consequences for emotion of that behaviour
D - disputing or challenging an erroneous belief system

Question 9

self-instructional training

Answer 9

a cognitive coping approach of giving adaptive self-instructions to oneself at crucial phases of the coping process

Question 10

exposure

Answer 10

a therapeutic technique designed to extinguish anxiety responses by exposing clients to anxiety-arousing stimuli or situations while preventing escape or prevention through response prevention

Question 11

response prevention

Answer 11

the prevention of escape or avoidance responses during exposure to an anxiety-arousing CS so that extinction can occur

Question 12

flooding

Answer 12

client being exposed to real-life stimuli

Question 13

implosion therapy

Answer 13

imagine scenes involving the stimuli

Question 14

systematic desensitization

Answer 14

elimination anxiety using counter conditioning

Question 15

Counterconditioning

Answer 15

a new response that is incompatible with anxiety is conditioned to the anxiety arousing CS

Question 16

stimulus hierarchy

Answer 16

in systematic desensitization, the creation of a series of anxiety-arousing stimuli that are ranked in terms of the amount of anxiety they evoke

Question 17

social skills traning

Answer 17

clients learn new skills by observing and then imitating a model who performs a socially skillful behaviour

Question 18

psychodynamic behaviour therapy

Answer 18

an integration of psychoanalysis and behaviour therapy

Question 19

eclectic

Answer 19

combining treatments and making use of whatever orientations and therapeutic techniques seem appropriate to the particular client they are treating

Question 20

virtual reality (VR)

Answer 20

the use of computer technology to create highly realistic “virtual environments” that stimulate actual experience vividly

Question 21

culturally competent therapists

Answer 21

use knowledge about the client’s culture to achieve a broad understanding of the client

Question 22

specificity question

Answer 22

which type of therapy, administered by which kinds of therapists to which kinds of clients having which kinds of problems, produce which kinds of effects?

Question 23

spontaneous remission

Answer 23

symptom reduction in the absence of any treatment

Question 24

randomized clinical trials

Answer 24

a research design that involves the random assignment of clients having specific problems to an experimental (therapy) group or to a control condition so as to draw sound causal conclusions about the therapy’s efficiency

Question 25

meta-analysis

Answer 25

allows researchers to combine the result of many studies to arrive at an overall conclusion

Question 26

effect size statistic

Answer 26

common measure of treatment effectiveness

Question 27

dodo bird verdict

Answer 27

finding of similar efficacy for widely differing therapies

Question 28

clinical significance

Answer 28

require that at the end of therapy, clients’ depression scores fall withing the range for nondepressed people

Question 29

openess

Answer 29

client’s general willingness to invest themselves in therapy and take the risks required to change themselves

Question 30

self-relatedness

Answer 30

clients ability to experience and understand internal states such as thoughts and emotions

Question 31

dose-response effect

Answer 31

relation between the amount of treatment received and the quality of the outcome

Question 32

common factors

Answer 32

1) faith in the therapist and help
2) plausible explanation for their problems
3) protective setting for experiences &support
4) opportunity to practice new behaviours
5) increased optimism and self-efficacy

Question 33

efficacy

Answer 33

whether a therapy can produce positive outcomes exceed those in appropriate control conditions

Question 34

effectiveness

Answer 34

the outcomes that psychotherapy has in the real-life settings of clinical practice

Question 35

tardive dyskinesia

Answer 35

an irreversible motor disorder that can occur as a side effect of certain antipsychotic drugs

Question 36

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

Answer 36

a biomedical technique involving the application of electrical current to the brain that is used primarily to reduce severe depression

Question 37

deinstituionalization

Answer 37

transfer the primary focus of treatment from the mental institution to the community

Question 38

situation-focused prevention

Answer 38

directed at reducing or eliminating the environmental causes of behaviour disorders or at enhancing situational factors that help the development of disorders

Question 39

competency-focused prevention

Answer 39

designed to increase personal resources and coping skills

Question 40

placebo control group

Answer 40

a control group that receives an intervention that is assumed to have no therapeutic value