Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GCSE Chemistry LTS > Chapter 14 The Earth's Resources > Flashcards

Chapter 14 The Earth's Resources Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Edexcel Route A flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Eduqas Route A flashcards GCSE Geography - AQA flashcards AP® Chemistry flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Edexcel Route B flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Eduqas Route B flashcards
1
Q

What do we use natural resources for?

A

Shelter, food, warmth and transport.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Give examples of living and non-living resources.

A

Living: plants and animals
Non-Living: minerals, fossil fuels, water and air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Give 2 natural products that can be replaced with synthetic products.

A

Rubber and fertilisers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe where natural rubber comes from and what the synthetic replacement is.

A

Natural rubber is latex and comes from the sap of a tree. Synthetic rubber is a polymer made from monomers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe what natural fertilisers are and how synthetic fertilisers are made.

A

Animal waste (manure) and other organic waste can be used to fertilise crops. Synthetic fertilisers can be made from chemicals containing nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a finite resource?

A

Finite resources will run out eventually. An example of this is fossil fuels. Fossil fuels take millions of years to form so once we have burned them they cannot be replaced.
Finite resources are sometimes described as non-renewable.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Give an example of a finite resource other than fossil fuels.

A

Mineral ores. These are extracted from the Earth’s crust and processed to extract metals. Once they are used there are no more.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a renewable resource?

A

Renewable resources can be replaced. An example is crops. They can be burned as biofuels and then more crops can be grown.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is sustainable development?

A

Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of current
generations without compromising the ability of future generations
to meet their own needs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is potable water?

A

Water that is safe to drink.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Is potable water pure?

A

No, potable water contains dissolved substances such as minerals and salts.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Give 3 characteristics of potable water.

A

It has a pH of between 6.5 and 8.5

There are only small quantities of dissolved salts and minerals.

It contains no harmful microbes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where is drinking water sourced from in the UK?

A

Depending on the region, drinking water can be sourced from rivers, lakes and reservoirs or it can come from underground reserves.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Name the 2 main steps in water treatment.

A

Filtration and sterilisation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the 2 steps in the filtration of drinking water?

A

A wire mesh screen removes large particles like dirt, pebbles and twigs.

Filtration through sand beds and gravel.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Give 3 ways that drinking water can be sterilised.

A

UV light

Ozone

Chlorine gas bubbled through

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does sterilisation do to the water?

A

Sterilisation removes dangerous microbes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How is drinking water produced in countries with limited fresh water supplies?

A

Drinking water is produced from the desalination of seawater.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Give 2 ways that drinking water can be produced from sea water.

A

Reverse osmosis

Distillation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How does reverse osmosis work?

A

Reverse osmosis involves using a semipermeable membrane that allows water through but not salt ions. High pressure is required.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Draw the equipment that would be used to produce potable water from salt

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the disadvantage of using desalination methods to produce potable water?

A

It is expensive.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which 3 properties of a water sample could be analysed to determine the location of the source of the sample?

A

pH

Mass of dissolved solids.

Boiling point

24
Q

How can the pH of a water sample be measured?

A

Universal indicator.

25
Q

How can the mass of dissolved substances be measured?

A

Weight an evaporating basin.

Accurately measure out 25cm3 of the sample and place in an evaporating basin.

Gently heat to reduce the volume by ⅔ .

Allow the remaining water to evaporate from the basin.

Weight the basin and dry salts to determine the mass of the salts.

26
Q

How is the boiling point of water determined?

A

A thermometer is included in the distillation apparatus. Pure water has a boiling point of 100°C. Impurities will result in boiling points other than 100°C.

27
Q

What journey does waste water take once it goes down the sink?

A

Once going down the drain it travels through sewers to a water treatment plant. Once treated it is released as effluent into rivers.

28
Q

Name the 4 stages in wastewater treatment.

A

Screening

Sedimentation

Aerobic digestion OR Anaerobic digestion

Release

29
Q

What happens during the screening process?

A

Large materials like plastic bags, twigs and wipes are removed.

30
Q

What happens during the sedimentation process?

A

The waste water is left to settle in a tank where sludge settles to the bottom and effluent to the top.

31
Q

What happens during aerobic digestion?

A

Air is bubbled through the effluent. This provides oxygen for bacteria to feed on the organic waste in the effluent and break it down.

32
Q

What happens during anaerobic digestion?

A

The sewage sludge is placed in a tank with bacteria. The bacteria break down the waste and produce methane gas.

33
Q

What happens to the products of anaerobic digestion?

A

The methane produced is used as a fuel. The remaining sludge is used as fertiliser.

34
Q

What happens if there are toxic substances in the waste water?

A

Additional treatments will need to take place to make the water safe. The treatment depends on what the toxins are.This can include using membranes, adding additional chemicals e.g. to precipitate metals out of solution, and also U.V. radiation

35
Q

Give 3 ways that toxins can be removed from wastewater?

A

Membranes to stop the toxins getting through.

Addition of treatment chemicals to precipitate out the toxins.

UV radiation.

36
Q

Draw a flowchart to illustrate the treatment of wastewater.

A
37
Q

How is copper extracted from high quality ores?

A

Copper can be extracted by heating the ore to a high temperature or by heating with carbon.

38
Q

Why do we need new methods for extracting copper ores?

A

Low-quality ores (with lower copper content) can be used to extract copper as resources are running low.

39
Q

What methods can be used to extract copper from low-quality ores?

A

Phytomining

Bioleaching

40
Q

What are the stages in phytomining?

A

Plants are grown in soil containing metal compounds.

The plants take up the metal ions.

The plants are dried and burnt.

The metal is extracted from the ash by electrolysis or displacement.

41
Q

What are the stages in bioleaching?

A

Solutions called leachates contain metal ores and bacteria. Certain bacteria are able to break down the metal ores. The metal can then be extracted from the leachate using displacement reactions or electrolysis.

42
Q

What are life cycle assessments (LCAs)?

A

Life cycle assessments are processes to look at the overall environmental impact of products.

43
Q

What are the 4 stages in a product’s life cycle that are investigated during a life cycle assessment?

A

Extracting and processing of raw materials.

Manufacturing and packaging.

Use and operation during its lifetime.

Disposal at the end of its useful life, including transport and distribution at each stage.

44
Q

What types of judgements are made during a life cycle assessment?

A

Quantitative (water and energy use)

Subjective (effect of pollutants on the environment).

45
Q

Give 2 ways that obtaining raw materials can impact the environment.

A

Using up resources that are in limited supply.

Damaging habitats through mining or deforestation.

46
Q

Give 2 reasons why it is better to recycle materials than to produce them from raw materials.

A

Energy is required to extract and process the raw materials.

Resources may be limited and finite so they will run out one day

47
Q

What needs to happen to glass bottles before they can be reused?

A

Glass bottles need to be washed and sterilised before they are reused.

48
Q

How is broken or damaged glass recycled?

A

Broken or damaged glass is separated by colour and composition and then it is crushed and melted for reuse.

49
Q

How are metals reused?

A

Metals are melted and recast for reuse.

50
Q

What needs to happen to mixed materials before they can be recycled?

A

Materials need to be separated by type before they can be recycled.

51
Q

How is iron and steel recycled?

A

Iron and steel are recycled together by heating in a blast furnace and recasting.

52
Q

Give 2 economic advantages of recycling.

A

It is cheaper to make products from recycled materials than to extract and process from raw materials.

Recycling provides employment and supports the local economy.

53
Q

Give 3 environmental advantages of recycling.

A

Mining and extracting metal from ores has detrimental effects on the environment and ecosystems.

Melting and remoulding required less energy than extracting raw materials.

Recycling reduces the amount of waste produced saving energy from transport and reducing the amount of waste in landfill.

54
Q

What are the issues with extracting raw materials?

A

Extracting raw materials is expensive but it also requires energy and often the use of fossil fuels. Burning fossil fuels contributes to climate change.

55
Q

Give 4 disadvantages to recycling.

A

Materials need to be sorted.

Materials need to be collected and transported.

The quality of the material may be reduced by recycling.

GCSE Chemistry LTS (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions