chapter 14 textbook Flashcards
abnormal behaviour
Abnormal behaviour is behaviour that is deviant, maladaptive, or personally distressful over a relatively long period of time.
Explain: Abnormal behaviour is deviant
Deviant means that a behaviour does not conform to accepted social standards. When atypical behaviour deviates from what is acceptable in a culture, it often is considered abnormal. The context of a behaviour may determine whether it is deviant.
Explain: Abnormal behaviour is maladaptive
Maladaptive behaviour interferes with a person’s ability to function effectively in the world. It is very important to consider the context when evaluating behaviour as maladaptive or not. It is crucial to acknowledge that behaviour that presents a danger to the person or to those around them would generally be considered maladaptive (and abnormal).
Abnormal behaviour involves ____ over a long period of time
personal distress
What is the biological approach?
The biological approach attributes psychological disorders to organic, internal causes. This approach primarily focuses on the brain, genetic factors, and neurotransmitter functioning as the sources of abnormality.
Medical model
describes psychological disorders as medical diseases with a biological origin.
How does the The American Psychiatric Association define abnormal behaviour?
The American Psychiatric Association defines abnormal behaviour in medical terms—as a mental illness that affects or is manifested in a person’s brain and can affect the way an individual thinks, behaves, and interacts with others. This approach is part of the medical model, which describes psychological disorders as medical diseases with a biological origin.
What Is the Psychological Approach?
The psychological approach emphasizes the contributions of experiences, thoughts, emotions, and personality characteristics in explaining psychological disorders. Psychologists might focus, for example, on the influence of childhood experiences or personality traits in the development and course of psychological disorders.
What Is the Sociocultural Approach?
The sociocultural approach emphasizes the social contexts in which a person lives, including their culture. Using the criterion of deviance to describe a behaviour as abnormal suggests the important role of sociocultural factors in psychological disorders. Cultures establish the norms by which people evaluate behaviour, telling us whether it is socially acceptable . In evaluating behaviour as deviant, culture matters in complex ways.
Culturals norms can be ___
mistaken
In addition to recognizing the role of culture in definitions of normality, sociocultural researchers stress the role of _____
such as gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and family relationships—on psychological disorders.
From the biopsychosocial perspective……
no single factor considered is necessarily viewed as more important than another; rather, biological, psychological, and social factors are all significant ingredients in producing both normal and abnormal behaviour. Furthermore, these ingredients may combine in unique ways, so that one depressed person might differ from another in terms of the key factors that contributed to the development of their disorder.
What does the biopsychosocial advocate for
emphasizes a holistic approach to assessment and diagnosis. It also advocates for a multi-dimensional treatment approach that addresses biological (e.g., psychopharmaceuticals), psychological (e.g., psychotherapy, meditation), and social (e.g., skills training, occupational and family therapy) factors.
vulnerability-stress hypothesis (also called the diathesis-stress model)
suggests that pre-existing conditions (such as genetic characteristics, personality dispositions, or experiences) may put a person at risk of developing a psychological disorder. This vulnerability in combination with stressful experiences can lead to a psychological disorder.
Benefits of devised systems to classify those behaviours into specific psychological disorders?
- Common basis for communication for psychologists/psychiatrist
- Informs about disorder, making predictions as to its occurrence, reason etc
- Puts a name for the patient, can provide comfort but in return stigma
What is the DSM classification system
In 1952, the American Psychiatric Association (APA) published the first major classification of psychological disorders in the United States, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Its current version, DSM-5, was approved in 2013.
Why is the DSM criticized?
-Too heavily rooted in the medical model.
-It relies too much on social norms and subjective judgments.
-Too many new categories of disorders have been added, some of which do not yet have consistent research support, and would lead to a significant increase in the number of people being labelled as having a mental disorder.
-Loosening the standards for some existing diagnoses will add to the already very high rates of these disorders.
What Is Autism Spectrum Disorder?
Autism spectrum disorder refers to a range of neurodevelopmental disorders involving impaired social interaction and communication, repetitive behaviour, and restricted interests.
