Chapter 14: Special Senses Flashcards
Sensory Receptors
- Provides information about external and internal environments
- Responds to stimuli
- Classified according to location, structure, function, and modality
Free Nerve Endings
Pain and Temperature
Encapsulated Endings
Pressure and Touch
Receptor Cells
Photoreceptors
Exteroceptors
Detect stimuli from the external environment
Interoceptors
Detect internal organ stimuli
Chemoreceptors
Chemical stimuli
Nociceptor
Pain
Mechanoreceptors
Physical stimuli
Sound
Balance
Thermoreceptors
Temperature
Osmoreceptors
Solute concentrations
Proprioceptors
Located near moving body parts
Detects limb movement, muscle stretch, and contraction
Sensory Modality: General Sense
- Distributed throughout the body
- Touch, pressure, and pain
Special Sense
- Taste (gustation)
- Smell (olfactory)
- Hearing, vision, equilibrium
Special Sense
- Taste (gustation)
- Smell (olfactory)
- Hearing
Papillae
Raised bumps on the tongue
Fungiform Papillae
- Mushroom-shaped
- Few taste buds
- Located on tip and sides of the tongue
Filiform Papillae
- Short and spiked
- No taste buds; help manipulate food
- Located on anterior two-thirds of tongue
Foliate Papillae
- Has few taste buds
- Located on lateral tongue
Circumvallate Papillae
- Contains most taste buds
- Located in V-shaped row along the posterior tongue
Taste Buds
- Within papillae
- Contains gustatory receptor cells
- detects chemicals (tastants) dissolved in saliva
- has microvilli (taste hairs) that are stimulated by tastants
Facial Nerve II (CN VII)
Innervates taste buds from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue
Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX)
Innervates taste buds from the posterior one-third of the tongue
Vagus Nerve (CN X)
Innervates taste buds from the pharynx
