Chapter 14- Social Psychology Flashcards
attitude
a set of beliefs and feelings, evaluative, meaning that they are necessarily positive or negative
mere exposure effect
the more one is exposed to something, the more one will come to like it
central route persuasion
being persuaded by deeply processing the content of the message
peripheral route persuasion
being persuaded by other aspects of the message including the characteristics of the person imparting the message
cognitive dissonance
the idea that people are motivated to have consistent attitudes and behaviors and when they do not they experience unpleasant mental tension and dissonance
foot-in-the-door
if you can get people agree to a small request, they will become much more likely to agree to a follow-up request that is much greater
door-in-the-face
after people refuse a large request, they will look more favorably upon a follow-up request that seems, in comparison, much more reasonable
norms of reciprocity
people have the tendency to feel obligated to reciprocate kind behavior
attribution theory
theory that tries to explain how people determine the cause of what they observe
self-fulfilling prophecy
the phenomenon that the expectations we have about others can influence the way those others behave
fundamental attribution error
the tendency to overestimate the importance of dispositional factors and underestimate the importance of situational factors
collectivist culture
a culture that stresses a person’s link to various groups such as family or company
individualistic culture
a culture that stresses the importance and uniqueness of the individual
false-consensus effect
the tendency for people to overestimate the number of people who agree with them
self-serving bias
the tendency to take more credit for good outcomes than bad outcomes
just-world bias
a bias toward thinking that bad things happen to bad people
stereotype
ideas about what members of different groups are like, influence the way we interact with members of these groups
prejudice
an underserved, usual negative, attitude toward a group of people
ethnocentricism
the belief that one’s culture is superior to others, specific kind of prejudice
discrimination
an action, when one acts on their prejudices
out-group homogeneity
people tend to see members of their own group as more diverse than members of other groups
in-group bias
a preference for members of ones own group
superordinate goals
a goal that benefits all and necessitates the participation of all
