Chapter 14 Section 1: Properties of Acids and Bases

Question 1

binary acid

Answer 1

an acid that contains only two different elements: hydrogen and one of the more electronegative elements.

Question 2

oxyacid

Answer 2

an acid that is a compound of hydrogen, oxygen, and third element, usually a nonmetal.

Question 3

Arrhenius acid

Answer 3

a chemical compound that increases the concentration of hydrogen ions, in a aqueous solution.

Question 4

Arrhenius base

Answer 4

a substance that increases the concentration of hydroxide ions in an aqueous solution.

Question 5

strong acid

Answer 5

one that ionizes completely in an aqueous solution.

Question 6

weak acid

Answer 6

an acid that releases few hydrogen ions in aqueous solution.

Question 7

Properties of Acids

Answer 7

1) Aqueous solutions of acids have a sour taste.
2) Acids change the color of acid-base indicators.
3) Some acids react with active metals and release hydrogen gas.
4) Acids react with bases to produce salts and water.
5) Acids conduct electric current.

Question 8

binary acid nomenclature

Answer 8

1) the name of a binary acid begins with the prefix -hydro
2) the roots of the name of the second element follows this prefix.
3) the name then ends with the suffix -ic.

Question 9

common industrial acids

Answer 9

sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid (concentrated- “muriatic acid”), acetic acid (“glacial acetic acid”)

Question 10

properties of bases

Answer 10

1) Aqueous solutions of bases taste bitter.
2) Bases change the color of acid-base indicators.
3) Dilute aqueous solutions fo bases feel slippery.
4) Bases react with acids to produce salts and water.
5) Bases conduct electrical current.

Question 11

aqueous acids

Answer 11

the water solutions of the acids that are molecular compounds with ionizable hydrogen ions. All aqueous acids are electrolytes.

Question 12

strength of acids

Answer 12

Acid strength increases with increasing polarity and decreasing bond energy.

Question 13

organic acids

Answer 13

those that contain the acidic carboxyl group (-COOH); are generally weak acids.

Question 14

strongly basic

Answer 14

when a base completely dissociates in water to yield OH (-) ions. Most bases are ionic compounds containing metal cations and the hydroxide ion, but not all are ionic compounds (e.g. ammonia- molecular)

Question 15

strength of bases

Answer 15

depends on the extent to which the base dissociates. Strong bases are strong electrolytes, just as strong acids are strong electrolytes. Ammonia and organic compounds that contain nitrogen atoms are weak bases.