Chapter 14 - Nursing Care Of The Family During Pregnancy ( Lecture Review ) Flashcards
What strategies are used to confirm pregnancy and estimate the date of birth?
Ultrasound measurement of the embryo/fetus in the first trimester is the most accurate method.
Naegele’s rule: Subtract 3 months from the first day of the last menstrual period (LMP) and add 7 days.
What physical, psychosocial, and behavioral changes occur as expectant mothers and family members adapt to pregnancy?
Mothers: Accept pregnancy, identify with the maternal role, establish a relationship with the fetus, prepare for birth. Partners: Accept pregnancy, identify with the parental role, reorder relationships, establish a bond with the fetus, prepare for birth. Siblings and grandparents also experience adaptations based on age and role.
What are the benefits of prenatal care, and what are the accessibility issues?
Benefits: Promotes health and well-being of the mother, fetus, and family. Issues: Lack of money, transportation, language barriers, and cultural considerations can limit access.
What are the key health care assessments conducted during pregnancy?
Initial prenatal visit: History, physical exam, lab tests, mental health screening, intimate partner violence screening. Follow-up visits: Interview, physical exam, fetal assessment (gestational age, fetal heart tones, fundal height, lab tests).
What is the prenatal period?
The time of physical and psychological preparation for birth and parenthood.
How long does gestation last?
9 calendar months, 10 lunar months, 40 weeks, or 280 days.
What are the three trimesters of pregnancy?
First trimester: Weeks 1-13. Second trimester: Weeks 14-26. Third trimester: Weeks 27-40.
What are the three categories of pregnancy signs and symptoms?
Presumptive: Subjective signs (e.g., amenorrhea, fatigue, nausea). Probable: Objective signs (e.g., pregnancy tests, Goodell’s sign). Positive: Definite signs (e.g., fetal heart tones, ultrasound visualization).
What is the most accurate method for estimating the date of birth (EDB)?
Ultrasound measurement of the embryo/fetus in the first trimester.
How does Naegele’s rule calculate the EDB?
First day of the last menstrual period (LMP) minus 3 months + 7 days.
What are the three phases of maternal adaptation to pregnancy?
Phase 1: Accepts the biological fact of pregnancy. Phase 2: Accepts the fetus as distinct from herself. Phase 3: Prepares for birth and parenthood.
What factors affect sibling adaptation to pregnancy?
Age and dependency needs influence how siblings adjust.
What are the major adaptations for grandparents during pregnancy?
Grandparents adjust their roles and expectations as they anticipate a new family member.
What is the goal of prenatal care?
To promote the health and well-being of the mother, fetus, newborn, and family.
When do most women in the U.S. begin prenatal care?
77.1% start care in the first trimester, while 6.2% start in the third trimester or receive no care.
What are the two models of prenatal care?
Traditional model: Individual prenatal visits. Group prenatal care: Provides education and support in a group setting.
What key assessments are conducted at the initial prenatal visit?
Interview: Reason for seeking care, pregnancy history, health history, nutrition, medication use, family history, social/occupational history. Mental health screening. Intimate partner violence screening. Review of systems and physical examination. Laboratory tests: Urine, cervical, and blood samples, screening for infections and metabolic conditions.
What assessments are included in follow-up visits?
Interview, physical examination, fetal assessment (gestational age, fetal heart tones, fundal height), and lab tests.
What routine test is used to assess fetal health during follow-up visits?
Routine fetal ultrasound examination.
During an abdominal examination, why should the nurse be alert for supine hypotension?
The uterus may compress the vena cava, reducing blood return to the heart.
What are key education topics for pregnant women?
Maternal and fetal changes, nutrition, hygiene, UTI prevention, Kegel exercises, breastfeeding preparation, oral health, exercise, posture, rest, employment, clothing, travel, medications, and immunizations.
Why are Kegel exercises important during pregnancy?
They strengthen the pelvic floor muscles, reducing the risk of incontinence.
What vaccinations are recommended during pregnancy?
Rh Immune Globulin if the mother is Rh-negative.
What should be included in sexual counseling during pregnancy?
Addressing misinformation, discussing safety, and ensuring comfort during sexual activity.
