Chapter 14-Mendelian Genetics

Question 1

What is particulate inheritance and who created it?

Answer 1

Mendel said that genes are the particles of inheritance and they’re passed on through segregation of chromosomes into gametes

Question 2

What is hemophilia and how will a child inherit it?

Answer 2

hemophilia is an X-linked recessive blood disorder. If a female child will have it, they must have the gene on BOTH X chromosomes. But for males to have it, they must only have it on their one X chromosome.

Question 3

What is the hypothesis of blending inheritance?

Answer 3

-before Mendel
- traits observed in a mother and father blend together to form the traits in their offspring

Question 4

Give an example of blending inheritance.

Answer 4

black sheep + white sheep = gray sheep

Question 5

What is the hypothesis of inheritance of acquired characteristics?

Answer 5

-before Mendel
- traits in parents are modified through use and passed to offspring in that modified form
- learn and acquire traits through life and pass those to offspring

Question 6

Give an example of inheritance of acquired traits.

Answer 6

If giraffes extend their necks to reach high leaves, they will produce long-necked offspring

Question 7

What are the qualities of a good model organism?

Answer 7

• rapid maturity
  -conclusions apply to numerous species
• easy manipulation
• short life span
  -large number of offspring
  -practical to work with

Question 8

Why are peas considered a model organism?

Answer 8

-can control which parents are mated (self or cross fertilization)
- many polymorphic traits

Question 9

What are polymorphic traits and some examples?

Answer 9

• traits with 2 or more different forms
• seed shape or color, pod shape or color

Question 10

What are experiments with a single shape?

Answer 10

monohybrid

Question 11

What does pure-line mean?

Answer 11

true breeding

Question 12

What does hybrid mean?

Answer 12

offspring that differ in one or more traits

Question 13

What does Mendel’s theory of particulate inheritance mean?

Answer 13

traits are controlled by discrete, unchanging particles

Question 14

According to theory of inheritance, what are genes and alleles?

Answer 14

-genes: hereditary determinants for traits
- alleles: responsible for determining different traits (dominant/recessive)

Question 15

What is the Principle of Segregation?

Answer 15

• alleles separate during gamete formation
• each gamete contains one allele of each gene

Question 16

How does the Principle of Segregation relate to meiosis?

Answer 16

• occurs in anaphase 1 and 2 of meiosis 1 and 2
• the segregation of two alleles of a gene occurs because of the segregation of homologous chromosomes
  -tetrads separate in anaphase 1, then sister chromatids of homologous chromatids separate during anaphase 2

Question 17

What is the Principle of Independent Assortment?

Answer 17

• alleles are separated independently of each other
• contributes to genetic diversity

Question 18

How does independent assortment relate to meiosis?

Answer 18

• occurs in metaphase 1 or meiosis 1
• chromosomes line up along the metaphase plate in random orientation