Chapter 14 Medication Administration Flashcards
What is Canulation?
The insertion of a catheter into a body cavity, duct, or vessel to allow for fluid flow.
What are the steps to placing an IV?
- PPE (Glasses, Gloves)
- Choose a Solution
- Bag Size
- Administration Set
- Prep the Set
- IV Catheter and Catheter Size
What is Poiseuille’s Law?
The shorter the length of the catheter, the faster the fluid will flow.
What does the gauge of an IV mean?
The smaller the number, the larger the diameter?
What flow rate is TKO/KVO?
30mL/hr
How large is a Bolus?
250-500mL
What are the veins of the arm?
The Cephalic and the Basilic Vein
Where do the Cephalic and Basilic Veins meet?
The Antecubital Fossa in the elbow
Where is the Cephalic Vein located?
The radial side of the forearm
Where is the Basilic Vein located?
The ulna side of the forearm
What is the Cephalic Vein also known as?
Intern’s Vein
What is the Basilic Vein also known as?
The Handcuff Vein
How can electrolytes become imbalanced?
Excessive vomiting
Diarrhea
Dietary issues
Medications
Blood loss
What are crystalloid solutions??
Dissolved crystals in water that cross membranes and alter fluid to maintain perfusion.
What are colloid solutions?
Molecules that are too large to pass through membranes, therefore the fluid remains in the vascular system. These solutions have high osmolarity.
What are colloid solutions used for?
Reducing edema
What are the three types of IV solutions?
Isotonic, Hypertonic, Hypotonic
What are Isotonic Solutions?
Isotonic solutions have the same concentration of sodium as the cell, so there is no shift in water. The cell’s shape also doesn’t change.
What is an example of an Isotonic Solution?
Lactated Ringers (LR) and D5W
What are Hypotonic Solutions?
Hypotonic solutions have a lower concentration of sodium than the cells. These solutions hydrate the cells while depleting the intravascular compartment.
What is an example of a hypotonic solution?
0.45% sodium chloride
What are Hypertonic Solutions?
Hypotonic solutions have a greater concentration of sodium than the cells. These solutions pull fluid from the intercellular compartments to the intravascular compartment. They are used to stabilize BP, increase urine output, and reduce edema.
What is an example of a Hypertonic solution?
3% Sodium Chloride
How many gtt/mL does a Microdrip set do?
60gtt/mL
How many gtt/mL does a Macrodrip do?
10-15gtt/mL
Where is IM Epinephrine injected?
Anterolateral Thigh (All Ages) - Up to 5mL
Deltoid (Adults) - 1 to 2mL
What needle size is preferred for an IV?
22-25 gauge
What length needle is preferred for IVs?
1-1.5 inches
What angle is the needle inserted for an IM injection?
90°
