Chapter 14- Kinesiology Flashcards
Kinesiology
The multidisciplinary study of physical activity or movement.
Joint articulation
- when two bones come in contact
- they can be freely movable, as in the pubic symphysis, which moves slightly during child birth
Arthrology
The study of joints
Synarthroses
- Joints that lack a synovial cavity and are held closely together by fibrous connective tissue.
- immovable joints in which the bones come in very close contact and are separated only by a thin layer of fibrous connective tissue
Sutures
- In sutures A thin layer of dense, fibrous connective tissue united the bones of the skull
- They are immovable and fuse completely by adulthood.
Syndesmosis
A joint in which the bones are connected by ligaments.
-examples: fibula and tibia
Gomphoses
Joints in which a conical process ducts into a socket and is held by ligaments.
Amphiarthroses
Slightly movable joints
Fibrocartilage
Hyaline cartilage that holds together amphiarthroses joints
Diarthroses
Freely movable joints
Articular cartilage
A type of hyaline cartilage that covers the opposite ends of diarthroses joints
Synovial membrane
A double layer of connective tissue that lines joint cavities and produces synovial fluid
Synovial fluid
A lubricating substance found in joint cavities
Synovial joint
Freely movable joint; also known as diarthroses
Pivot joint
A freely movable joint in which a bone moved around a central axis, creating rotational movement
Gliding joint
A freely movable joint that allows bones to make a sliding motion
Hinge joint
A freely movable joint that allows flexion and extension
Concave
A half circle shaped indentation to a surface
Convex
A half circle shaped protrusion on a surface
Condyloid (ellipsoidal) joints
Freely movable joints that allow bones to move about one another in many different directions, but not to rotate.
Ball and socket joints
Freely movable joints in which a rounded end of one bone fits into an intended end of another bone; allows the widest range of motion.
Saddle joint
A freely movable joint between two bones with complementary shapes; allows a wide range of motion.
Flexion
Movement that decreases the angle between two bones
Extension
Movement that increases the angle between two bones
Hyperextension
Movement beyond the natural range of motion
Abduction
Movement of the limbs away from the midline of the body.
Adduction
Movement of the limbs toward the midline of the body.
Rotation
Movement of a bone on an axis, toward or away from the body.
Circumduction
Circular movement of the limbs around an axis
Supination
Movement of the radius and ulna anterior or superior
Pronation
Movement of the radius and ulna posterior or inferior
Plantar flexion
Movement that extend the foot
Dorsiflexion
Movement that flexes the foot
Inversion
Movement of the sole of the foot inward
Eversion
Movement of the sole of the foot outward
Protraction
Movement of a body part forward in a transverse plane
Retraction
Movement of a body part backward in a transverse plane
Elevation
Movement of a body part upward in a frontal plane
Coronal plane
A vertical flat surface running from side to side of the body; also known as the frontal plane
Sagittal plane
A vertical flat surface running from front to back of the body
Axial plane
A horizontal flat surface dividing the body into upper and lower parts; also known as the transverse plane
Closed kinematic chain
A sequence of action in which the body part farthest from the trunk is fixed during movement
Open kinematic chain
A sequence of action in which the body part farthest from the trunk is free during movement
