Chapter 14- Kinesiology

Question 1

Kinesiology

Answer 1

The multidisciplinary study of physical activity or movement.

Question 2

Joint articulation

Answer 2

• when two bones come in contact

- they can be freely movable, as in the pubic symphysis, which moves slightly during child birth

Question 3

Arthrology

Answer 3

The study of joints

Question 4

Synarthroses

Answer 4

• Joints that lack a synovial cavity and are held closely together by fibrous connective tissue.
• immovable joints in which the bones come in very close contact and are separated only by a thin layer of fibrous connective tissue

Question 5

Sutures

Answer 5

• In sutures A thin layer of dense, fibrous connective tissue united the bones of the skull
• They are immovable and fuse completely by adulthood.

Question 6

Syndesmosis

Answer 6

A joint in which the bones are connected by ligaments.

-examples: fibula and tibia

Question 7

Gomphoses

Answer 7

Joints in which a conical process ducts into a socket and is held by ligaments.

Question 8

Amphiarthroses

Answer 8

Slightly movable joints

Question 9

Fibrocartilage

Answer 9

Hyaline cartilage that holds together amphiarthroses joints

Question 10

Diarthroses

Answer 10

Freely movable joints

Question 11

Articular cartilage

Answer 11

A type of hyaline cartilage that covers the opposite ends of diarthroses joints

Question 12

Synovial membrane

Answer 12

A double layer of connective tissue that lines joint cavities and produces synovial fluid

Question 13

Synovial fluid

Answer 13

A lubricating substance found in joint cavities

Question 14

Synovial joint

Answer 14

Freely movable joint; also known as diarthroses

Question 15

Pivot joint

Answer 15

A freely movable joint in which a bone moved around a central axis, creating rotational movement

Question 16

Gliding joint

Answer 16

A freely movable joint that allows bones to make a sliding motion

Question 17

Hinge joint

Answer 17

A freely movable joint that allows flexion and extension

Question 18

Concave

Answer 18

A half circle shaped indentation to a surface

Question 19

Convex

Answer 19

A half circle shaped protrusion on a surface

Question 20

Condyloid (ellipsoidal) joints

Answer 20

Freely movable joints that allow bones to move about one another in many different directions, but not to rotate.

Question 21

Ball and socket joints

Answer 21

Freely movable joints in which a rounded end of one bone fits into an intended end of another bone; allows the widest range of motion.

Question 22

Saddle joint

Answer 22

A freely movable joint between two bones with complementary shapes; allows a wide range of motion.

Question 23

Flexion

Answer 23

Movement that decreases the angle between two bones

Question 24

Extension

Answer 24

Movement that increases the angle between two bones

Question 25

Hyperextension

Answer 25

Movement beyond the natural range of motion

Question 26

Abduction

Answer 26

Movement of the limbs away from the midline of the body.

Question 27

Adduction

Answer 27

Movement of the limbs toward the midline of the body.

Question 28

Rotation

Answer 28

Movement of a bone on an axis, toward or away from the body.

Question 29

Circumduction

Answer 29

Circular movement of the limbs around an axis

Question 30

Supination

Answer 30

Movement of the radius and ulna anterior or superior

Question 31

Pronation

Answer 31

Movement of the radius and ulna posterior or inferior

Question 32

Plantar flexion

Answer 32

Movement that extend the foot

Question 33

Dorsiflexion

Answer 33

Movement that flexes the foot

Question 34

Inversion

Answer 34

Movement of the sole of the foot inward

Question 35

Eversion

Answer 35

Movement of the sole of the foot outward

Question 36

Protraction

Answer 36

Movement of a body part forward in a transverse plane

Question 37

Retraction

Answer 37

Movement of a body part backward in a transverse plane

Question 38

Elevation

Answer 38

Movement of a body part upward in a frontal plane

Question 39

Coronal plane

Answer 39

A vertical flat surface running from side to side of the body; also known as the frontal plane

Question 40

Sagittal plane

Answer 40

A vertical flat surface running from front to back of the body

Question 41

Axial plane

Answer 41

A horizontal flat surface dividing the body into upper and lower parts; also known as the transverse plane

Question 42

Closed kinematic chain

Answer 42

A sequence of action in which the body part farthest from the trunk is fixed during movement

Question 43

Open kinematic chain

Answer 43

A sequence of action in which the body part farthest from the trunk is free during movement