Chapter 14: Indigenous Health: Working with First Nations People, Inuit, and Métis

Question 1

1. Which of the following represents a challenge when gathering background statistical
   population-based information on specific minority aggregates?
   a. Cultural bias is always present.
   b. There are many social and political impacts of colonization.
   c. It is difficult to find comparative health information for small communities.
   d. Statistics Canada does not collect data on specific minority aggregates.

Answer 1

ANS: C
In the Chapter 14 case scenario regarding the community of “Northern Creek,” the public
health manager explained that it was difficult to find comparative health information on small
communities. For example, while several First Nations communities across the country have
participated in regional health surveys, access to that data is restricted to the participating
community. Cultural bias should not be considered in the gathering of data for a background
assessment. The social and political impacts of colonization need to be reversed to improve
health, but they do not present a challenge in collecting background information. Statistics
Canada does collect specific aggregate data, as indicated in the textbook. For example,
according to Statistics Canada, the profile of the urban community showed that 10,055, or
8.3% of the population, self-identified as Indigeous in 2006 in the Community profile and
Indigeous population profile for the Census Metropolitan Area (CMA) and public health unit.
This is more than double the proportion of Indigeous peoples (3.8%) in the Canadian
population.

Question 2

2. Which one of the following groups has the highest life expectancy?
   a. Inuit males
   b. Inuit females
   c. First Nations, Métis, and Inuit males
   d. First Nations, Métis, and Inuit females

Answer 2

ANS: D
The life expectancy for First Nations, Métis, and Inuit men is 73-74 years, compared with 64
years for Inuit men and 79 years for non-Indigenous men. The life expectancy for First
Nations, Métis, and Inuit women is 78-80 years, compared with 73 years for Inuit women and
83 years for non-Indigenous women.

Question 3

Which of the following demonstrates the second phase of application of the community health
nursing process?
a. Assessing the cultural norms
b. Determining the needs of the community
c. Developing a 6-week wellness program
d. Supervising a fitness class at the local YWCA or YMCA

Answer 3

ANS: C
Developing a wellness program demonstrates the second phase (planning). Assessing cultural
norms and determining the needs of the community are parts of the first phase (assessment);
actually participating in an intervention for wellness demonstrates the third phase (action).

Question 4

4. Which of the following demonstrates the first phase of application of the community health
   nursing process?
   a. Participating in a health promotion lecture
   b. Determining the needs of the community
   c. Developing a 6-week wellness program
   d. Supervising a fitness class at the local YWCA or YMCA

Answer 4

ANS: B
Determining the needs of the community is part of the first phase (assessment). Development
of a program occurs in the second phase (planning), and actually participating in an
intervention for wellness or participating in a health promotion lecture demonstrates the third
phase (action).

Question 5

5. Which of the following demonstrates the third phase of application of the community health
   nursing process?
   a. Assessing the cultural norms
   b. Determining the needs of the community
   c. Developing a 6-week wellness program
   d. Supervising a fitness class at the local YWCA or YMCA

Answer 5

ANS: D
Actually participating in an intervention for wellness (e.g., supervising a fitness class at the
local YWCA or YMCA) demonstrates the third phase (action). Assessing cultural norms and
determining the needs of the community demonstrates the first phase (assessment), and
development of a wellness program demonstrates the second phase (planning).

Question 6

Which of the following demonstrates the final phase of application of the community health
nursing process?
a. Presenting feedback about a 6-week fitness class
b. Determining the needs of the community
c. Developing a 6-week wellness program
d. Supervising a fitness class at the local YWCA or YMCA

Answer 6

ANS: A
Presentations related to feedback on actions demonstrate the fourth phase of the application of
the community health nursing process, which is evaluation. Actually participating in an
intervention for wellness (e.g., supervising a fitness class at the local YWCA or YMCA)
demonstrates the third phase (action). Determining the needs of the community demonstrates
the first phase (assessment), and developing a wellness program demonstrates the second
phase (planning).

Question 7

Whenever possible, population-based practice focuses on which level of prevention?
a. Primary prevention
b. Secondary prevention
c. Tertiary prevention
d. Individual prevention

Answer 7

ANS: A
Whenever possible, population-based practice focuses on primary prevention.

Question 8

Which one of the following is a feature of community capacity building?
a. Asking why
b. Assessing the status quo
c. Obtaining sustainable financial resources
d. Ensuring government is involved at all levels of planning

Answer 8

ANS: A
Asking why is a feature of community capacity building. In the Chapter 14 case study, after
briefly looking through the rest of the Community Capacity Building Tool, the group gets into
a discussion about the feature “Asking Why,” which recommends using a community process
to uncover the root causes of community issues.

Question 9

Developing a communication strategy to keep community members informed is an example
of which of the following components of community capacity building?
a. Skill development
b. Partnership building
c. Documentation of progress
d. Establishing a planning team group

Answer 9

ANS: B
Developing a communication strategy to keep community members informed is an example
of partnership building.