Chapter 14: Impacts From Space- The Basics Flashcards

1
Q

Where does earth get all its space debris?

A

From the asteroid belt

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2
Q

Where is the asteroid belt located?

A

In between Mars and Jupiter

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3
Q

What are Chondtrite meteorites

A

They are comprised of primitive material.

-Tiny beadlike spherule called chondrules are contained within

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4
Q

What are NEO’s?

A

Near earth asteroids/comets who’s orbit intersects with earths or comes really close to it

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5
Q

What are Apollos?

A

NEO that actually intersect earths orbit

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6
Q

What are Amors?

A

NEO that intersect the orbit of Mars instead of earth

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7
Q

Where do comets come from?

A

In an envelope called the Oort Cloud

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8
Q

What the most common form space things come to earth as?

A

In dust form

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9
Q

What happens when something is travelling at the speed of sound or greater?

A

It will be accompanied by a sonic boom which is just a violent compression of air

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10
Q

What makes an object slow down in the atmosphere?

A

The increased atmospheric density and the increased friction

-Causes the temperature to increase, burning the object

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11
Q

What are Aerolites?

A

Stones that make up 92.8% of all meteorites

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12
Q

What are Primitive Chondrites?

A

Mostly composed of silictte minerals and contain chondrules

-carbonaceous chondrite have abundant volatile carbon compound concentration and are the most primitive

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13
Q

What are Achondrites?

A

Chondrites made from silicate minerals similar to terrestrial rock

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14
Q

What are Siderolites?

A

Stony-irons made from nickel-iron alloy and silicate minerals

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15
Q

What are Siderites?

A

Irons made from mostly iron+nickle

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16
Q

What are chondrules?

A

Small spherical objects and have crystallized rapidly from molten or at least partly molten drops

17
Q

The density of our atmosphere _______ most objects, doing what to them?

A

Shocking them into smaller bits

18
Q

What is kinetic energy?

A

Any moving energy

1/2(m) x (v)^2

19
Q

What happens to the kinetic energy of an object that comes into contact with the earth?

A

All of the kinetic energy will turn into heat

20
Q

What is an Ejecta Blanket?

A

Quantities of mineral dust thickest near the rim and lighter in colour so craters may be easily identified

21
Q

What are the 2 types of craters?

A

Simple and complex

22
Q

What are some large scale crater identifiers?

A

Overturned rim
Ejecta Blanket
Breccia

23
Q

What are Coesite and Stishovite?

A

High pressure forms of silicate
Coesite is common in the walls of craters and known to form in highly explosive volcanic sites
Stishovite forms only from high pressure impacts

24
Q

What are Tektites?

A

Common in surrounding crater soils, spherules made from glass of the same composition as the rocks hit by the space object

25
What is the chemical used for identifying craters?
Iridium | -Rare on earth but common in extraterrestrial matter
26
What are PHA?
Potentially hazardous asteroids | - 150m diameter, within 7480000km of earth
27
How did the moon form?
From an impact event with a mars size planet
28
The frequency of impacts _______ as ________
increases | the size decreases
29
What are some thing we can harvest from meteors?
Raw materials Minerals Oxygen and hydrogen for rocket fuel Water