Chapter 14: Impacts From Space- The Basics

Question 1

Where does earth get all its space debris?

Answer 1

From the asteroid belt

Question 2

Where is the asteroid belt located?

Answer 2

In between Mars and Jupiter

Question 3

What are Chondtrite meteorites

Answer 3

They are comprised of primitive material.

-Tiny beadlike spherule called chondrules are contained within

Question 4

What are NEO’s?

Answer 4

Near earth asteroids/comets who’s orbit intersects with earths or comes really close to it

Question 5

What are Apollos?

Answer 5

NEO that actually intersect earths orbit

Question 6

What are Amors?

Answer 6

NEO that intersect the orbit of Mars instead of earth

Question 7

Where do comets come from?

Answer 7

In an envelope called the Oort Cloud

Question 8

What the most common form space things come to earth as?

Answer 8

In dust form

Question 9

What happens when something is travelling at the speed of sound or greater?

Answer 9

It will be accompanied by a sonic boom which is just a violent compression of air

Question 10

What makes an object slow down in the atmosphere?

Answer 10

The increased atmospheric density and the increased friction

-Causes the temperature to increase, burning the object

Question 11

What are Aerolites?

Answer 11

Stones that make up 92.8% of all meteorites

Question 12

What are Primitive Chondrites?

Answer 12

Mostly composed of silictte minerals and contain chondrules

-carbonaceous chondrite have abundant volatile carbon compound concentration and are the most primitive

Question 13

What are Achondrites?

Answer 13

Chondrites made from silicate minerals similar to terrestrial rock

Question 14

What are Siderolites?

Answer 14

Stony-irons made from nickel-iron alloy and silicate minerals

Question 15

What are Siderites?

Answer 15

Irons made from mostly iron+nickle

Question 16

What are chondrules?

Answer 16

Small spherical objects and have crystallized rapidly from molten or at least partly molten drops

Question 17

The density of our atmosphere _______ most objects, doing what to them?

Answer 17

Shocking them into smaller bits

Question 18

What is kinetic energy?

Answer 18

Any moving energy

1/2(m) x (v)^2

Question 19

What happens to the kinetic energy of an object that comes into contact with the earth?

Answer 19

All of the kinetic energy will turn into heat

Question 20

What is an Ejecta Blanket?

Answer 20

Quantities of mineral dust thickest near the rim and lighter in colour so craters may be easily identified

Question 21

What are the 2 types of craters?

Answer 21

Simple and complex

Question 22

What are some large scale crater identifiers?

Answer 22

Overturned rim
Ejecta Blanket
Breccia

Question 23

What are Coesite and Stishovite?

Answer 23

High pressure forms of silicate
Coesite is common in the walls of craters and known to form in highly explosive volcanic sites
Stishovite forms only from high pressure impacts

Question 24

What are Tektites?

Answer 24

Common in surrounding crater soils, spherules made from glass of the same composition as the rocks hit by the space object

Question 25

What is the chemical used for identifying craters?

Answer 25

Iridium

-Rare on earth but common in extraterrestrial matter

Question 26

What are PHA?

Answer 26

Potentially hazardous asteroids

- 150m diameter, within 7480000km of earth

Question 27

How did the moon form?

Answer 27

From an impact event with a mars size planet

Question 28

The frequency of impacts _______ as ________

Answer 28

increases

the size decreases

Question 29

What are some thing we can harvest from meteors?

Answer 29

Raw materials
Minerals
Oxygen and hydrogen for rocket fuel
Water