Chapter 14 - I

Question 1

Immune response to pathogen - adaptive

Answer 1

The primary response is the initial exposure to pathogens (that had overwhelmed or evaded the innate response)

• involved activation of naive T cells and naive B cells
• relatively slows, takes 7-10 days

Secondary responses are those that follow exposure to the same pathogen - they are quicker and more vigorous than primary responses

• involved reactivation of memory T and B cells
• relatively fast, takes 2-3 days to develop
• Vaccines exploits this

Question 2

Why receive vaccine when not sick

Answer 2

The adaptive immune system is slow, it takes 7-10days before an immune response to develop
- this is a long time for bacteria to multiple

Vaccine let your immune system see pathogen X and develop the primary response without getting sick- so if pathogen X shows up for real you will have a secondary response right away

Question 3

Primary and secondary Responses to immunization

Answer 3

The primary response is mostly IgM

Secondary mostly IgG

Question 4

Active Immunity

Answer 4

Active immunitu

Your immune system is doing the work of making antibodies

Your naive B cells and T cells are becoming activated, proliferating and differentiating

You will develop memory responses (except in T independent B cell activation)

Types of active immunity

• Natural: no intervention by medical personnel (eg infection)
• Artificial - intervention - aka vaccines

Question 5

Passive Immunity

Answer 5

You are getting antibodies made by someone else ( or something)

Your immune system has done no work in making these antibodies

You will not develop memory responses

Temporary: introduced antibodies are degraded over time

Natural: antibodies crossing a pregnant women placenta into her baby - no intervention by medical personnel

Artificial: convalescent plasma to covid, antibodies after snake bite to neutralize venom - intervention