Chapter 14 ( History of computers )

Question 1

Built the mechanical calculators using pegged wheels that could perform the four basic arithmetic function of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division

Answer 1

17th century two mathematicians, Blaise Pascal and Gottfried Leibniz

Question 2

designed an analytical
engine that performed general calculations automatically.

Answer 2

1842 Charles Babbage

Question 3

designed a tabulating machine to record census data

Answer 3

1890 Herman Hollerith

Question 4

designed and built the rst electronic digital computer.

Answer 4

1939 John Atansoff and Clifford Berry

Question 5

built the frst ully operational working computer, called Colossus, which was designed to crack encrypted German military codes.

Answer 5

December 1943 the British

Question 6

designed to crack encrypted German military codes.

Answer 6

Colossus

Question 7

first general-purpose modern computer was developed in

Answer 7

1944 at Harvard University.

Question 8

Meaning of ASCC

Answer 8

Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator (ASCC)

Question 9

known simply as the Mark I. It was an electromechanical device that was exceedingly slow and was prone to mal unction.

Answer 9

Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator (ASCC),

Question 10

first general-purpose electronic computer was developed in

Answer 10

1946 at the University o Pennsylvania by J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly at a cost o $500,000.

Question 11

This computer contained more than 18,000 vacuum tubes that ailed at an average rate o one every 7 minutes

Answer 11

ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator),

Question 12

developed the transistor.

Answer 12

In 1948 scientists led by William Shockley at the Bell Telephone Laboratories

Question 13

an electronic switch that alternately allows or does not allow electronic signals to pass.

Answer 13

Transistor

Question 14

first commercially success ul general- purpose, stored program electronic digital computer.

Answer 14

UNIVersal Automatic Computer), which appeared in 1951

Question 15

First-generation computers were

Answer 15

vacuum tube devices (1939–1958)

Question 16

Second-generation computers, which became generally available in about

Answer 16

1958, were based on individually packaged transistors.

Question 17

Third-generation computers used

Answer 17

Integrated circuits (ICs),

Question 18

Third-generation computers were introduced in

Answer 18

1964

Question 19

The microprocessor was developed in

Answer 19

1971 by Ted Ho o Intel Corporation.

Question 20

The Fourth generation o computers, which first appeared in

Answer 20

1975

Question 21

an extension o the third generation and incorporated large-scale integration (LSI); this has now been replaced by very large-scale integration (VLSI), which places millions o circuit elements on a chip that measures less than 1 cm.

Answer 21

Fourth Generation of computers

Question 22

refers to any general-purpose, stored-program electronic digital computer.

Answer 22

Computer

Question 23

refers to a continuously varying quantity

Answer 23

Analog

Question 24

uses only two values that vary discretely through coding.

Answer 24

Digital system