Chapter 14 - Eyes

Question 1

Accommodation

Answer 1

Adaptation of the eye for near vision by increasing the curvature of the lens

Question 2

Anisocoria

Answer 2

Unequal pupil size

Question 3

Arcus senilis

Answer 3

Gray-white arc or circle around the limbus of the iris that is common with aging.

Question 4

Argyll Robertson pupil

Answer 4

Pupil does not react to light; does constrict with accommodation

Question 5

Astigmatism

Answer 5

Refractive error of vision due to differences in curvature in refractive surfaces of the eye (cornea and lens).

Question 6

A-V crossing

Answer 6

Crossing paths of an artery and vein in the ocular fundus.

Question 7

Bitemporal hemianopsia

Answer 7

Loss of both temporal visual fields

Question 8

Blepharitis

Answer 8

Inflammation of the glands and eyelash follicles along the margin of the eyelids.

Question 9

Cataract

Answer 9

Opacity of the lens of the eye that develops slowly with aging and gradually obstructs vision

Question 10

Chalazion

Answer 10

Infection or retention cyst of a meibomian gland, showing as a beady nodule on the eyelid

Question 11

Conjunctivitis

Answer 11

Infection of the conjunctiva, “Pinkeye”

Question 12

Cotton-wool area

Answer 12

Abnormal soft exudates visible as gray-white areas on the ocular fundus

Question 13

Cup-disc ratio

Answer 13

Ratio of the width of the physiologic cup to the width of the optic disc, normally half or less.

Question 14

Diopter

Answer 14

Unit of strength of the lens settings on the ophthalmoscope that changes focus on the eye structures

Question 15

Diplopia

Answer 15

Double vision

Question 16

Drusen

Answer 16

Benign deposits on the ocular fundus that show as round yellow dowts and occur commonly with aging

Question 17

Ectropion

Answer 17

Lower eyelid loose and rolling outward.

Question 18

Entropion

Answer 18

Lower eyelid rolling inward

Question 19

Exophthalmos

Answer 19

Protruding eyeballs

Question 20

Fovea

Answer 20

Area of keenest vision at the center of the macula on the ocular fundus.

Question 21

Glaucoma

Answer 21

A group of eye diseases characterized by increased intraocular pressure

Question 22

Hordeolum

Answer 22

Stye - red, painful pustule that is a localized infection of hair follicle at the eyelid margin.

Question 23

Lid Lag

Answer 23

The abnormal white rim of sclera visible between the upper eyelid and the iris when a person moves the eyes downward

Question 24

Macula

Answer 24

The round, darker area of the ocular fundus that mediates vision only from the central visual field

Question 25

Microaneurysm

Answer 25

Abnormal finding of round red dots on the ocular fundus that are localized dilations of small vessels

Question 26

Miosis

Answer 26

Constricted pupils

Question 27

Mydriasis

Answer 27

Dilated pupils

Question 28

Myopia

Answer 28

Nerasighted - refractive error in which near vision is better than far vision

Question 29

Nystagmus

Answer 29

Involuntary, rapid, rhythmic movement of the eyeball

Question 30

OD

Answer 30

Oculus dexter, or right eye

Question 31

Optic atrophy

Answer 31

Pallor of the optic disc due to partial or complete death of optic nerve

Question 32

Optic disc

Answer 32

Area of ocular fundus in which blood vessels exit and enter

Question 33

OS

Answer 33

Oculus sinister or left eye

Question 34

Papilledema

Answer 34

Stasis of blood flow out of the ocular fundus; sign of increased intracranial pressure

Question 35

Presbyopia

Answer 35

Decrease in power of accommodation that occurs with aging

Question 36

Pterygium

Answer 36

Triangular opaque tissue on the nasal side of the conjunctiva that grows toward the center of the cornea.

Question 37

Ptosis

Answer 37

Drooping of upper eyelid over the iris and possibly covering the pupil

Question 38

Red reflex

Answer 38

Red glow that appears to fill the person’s pupil when first visualized through the ophthalmoscope

Question 39

Strabismus

Answer 39

Squint/crossed eye. Disparity of the eye axes.

Question 40

Xanthelasma

Answer 40

Soft, raised yellow plaques occurring on the skin at the inner corners of the eyes.