Chapter 14: Digestion Flashcards
The pancreas releases ___________ to buffer the pH of the stomach juices.
NaHCO3
Pepsin requires ____________ to become active.
- zymogen activation
- low pH
- partial denaturation of protein
Complex carbohydrates are absorbed:
as they are converted to glucose and simple sugars.
Glucose transport takes place by:
secondary active transport using the sodium glucose cotransporter.
Snake venom’s poison is actually:
a collection of digestive enzymes.
The transport of lipids in the lymph is carried out by:
chylomicrons
Define: Digestion
The conversion of food into simple biochemicals
Define: Cholecystokinin
Results in the secretion of digestion enzymes
Define: Zymogens
Proenzymes
Define: Enteropeptidase
Activates trypsin
Define: (alpha)-Amylase
Digests carbohydrates
Define: Emulsion
Water-lipid droplets
Define: Bile Salts
Inserts into emulsions to facilitate lipase action
Define: Chylomicron
Transports dietary lipids from intestinal cells to elsewhere in the body
Define: K+/H+ ATPase
Acidifies the stomach
Define: Lipase
Hydrolyzes lipids
What properties of lipids make their digestion more complicated than that of carbohydrates and proteins?
How are lipids made accessible for digestion?
Unlike proteins and carbohydrates, neither lipids nor the products of lipid digestion - fatty acids- are water soluble. The lipids are converted into mixtures of lipid droplets and water (emulsions), a conversion enhanced by bile salts.
The emulsions are accessible to lipases. The fatty acids generated by the lipases are carred in micelles to the intestinal membrane.
Why are most digestive enzymes produced as zymogens?
Secretion of the digestive enzymes as precursors reduces the likelihood that the secretory tissue will be damaged by its secretory products.
