chapter 14 abnormal psychology

Question 1

agoraphobia

Answer 1

extreme or irrational fear of crowded spaces or enclosed public places

Question 2

antisocial personality disorder

Answer 2

is marked by impulsive, callous, manipulative, ag- gressive, and irresponsible behavior that reflects a failure to accept social norms

Question 3

anxiety

Answer 3

a feeling of worry, nervousness, or unease, typically about an imminent event or something with an uncertain outcome

Question 4

anxiety disorder

Answer 4

a class of disorders marked by feelings of excessive apprehension and anxiety

Question 5

bipolar disorder

Answer 5

is characterized by the experi- ence of one or more manic episodes as well as pe- riods of depression

Question 6

catatonia

Answer 6

abnormality of movement and behavior arising from a disturbed mental state (typically schizophrenia). It may involve repetitive or purposeless overactivity, or catalepsy, resistance to passive movement, and negativism.

Question 7

conversion disorder

Answer 7

is characterized by a significant loss of physical function (with no apparent organic basis), usually in a single organ system.

Question 8

delusions

Answer 8

are false beliefs that are maintained even though they clearly are out of touch with reality.

Question 9

depression

Answer 9

severe despondency and dejection, typically felt over a period of time and accompanied by feelings of hopelessness and inadequacy.

Question 10

dissociative amnesia

Answer 10

is a sudden loss of memory for important personal information that is too exten- sive to be due to normal forgetting

Question 11

dissociative disorders

Answer 11

a class of disorders in which people lose contact with portions of their consciousness or memory, resulting in disruptions in their sense of identity

Question 12

dissociative fugue

Answer 12

people lose their memory for their entire lives along with their sense of personal identity

Question 13

dissociative identity disorder

Answer 13

involves the co- existence in one person of two or more largely com- plete, and usually very different, personalities

Question 14

DSM-IV

Answer 14

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders published by the American Psychiatric Association provides a common language and standard criteria for the classification of mental disorders

Question 15

etiology

Answer 15

refers to the apparent causation and developmental history of an illness

Question 16

hallucinations

Answer 16

are sensory perceptions that occur in the absence of a real, external stimulus or are gross distortions of perceptual input

Question 17

hypochondriasis

Answer 17

is characterized by excessive preoccupation with health concerns and incessant worry about developing physical illnesses

Question 18

major depressive disorder

Answer 18

people show persis- tent feelings of sadness and despair and a loss of interest in previous sources of pleasure

Question 19

mania

Answer 19

mental illness marked by periods of great excitement, euphoria, delusions, and overactivity

Question 20

obsessive-compulsion disorder (OCD)

Answer 20

marked by persistent, uncontrollable intrusions of un- wanted thoughts (obsessions) and urges to engage in senseless rituals (compulsions)

Question 21

panic disorder

Answer 21

characterized by recurrent at- tacks of overwhelming anxiety that usually occur suddenly and unexpectedly

Question 22

personality disorders

Answer 22

are a class of disorders marked by extreme, inflexible personality traits that cause subjective distress or impaired social and occupational functioning

Question 23

phobia

Answer 23

an extreme or irrational fear of or aversion to something

Question 24

post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Answer 24

involves en- during psychological disturbance attributed to the experience of a major traumatic event

Question 25

prognosis

Answer 25

is a forecast about the probable course of an illness

Question 26

psychosis

Answer 26

a severe mental disorder in which thought and emotions are so impaired that contact is lost with external reality

Question 27

schizophrenia

Answer 27

characterized by loss of contact with the environment, by noticeable deterioration in the level of functioning in everyday life, and by disintegration of personality expressed as disorder of feeling, thought (as delusions), perception (as hallucinations

Question 28

seasonal affective disorder (SAD)

Answer 28

depression associated with late autumn and winter and thought to be caused by a lack of light

Question 29

somatoform disorders

Answer 29

are physical ailments that cannot be fully explained by organic conditions and are largely due to psychological factors

Question 30

symptom

Answer 30

a physical or mental feature that is regarded as indicating a condition of disease, particularly such a feature that is apparent to the patient

Question 31

Irving Gottesman

Answer 31

He is known for researching schizophrenia in identical twins to document the contributions of genetics and the family

Question 32

D.L. Rosenhan

Answer 32

He is best known for the Rosenhan experiment, a study challenging the validity of psychiatry diagnoses