Chapter 14

Question 1

in autonomic pathway has 2 neuron chain. explain

Answer 1

1. preganglion- cell body in CNS with light mylien and extent to post gang
2. postganglioc- outside of CNS cell body spanses with preganglion axon in autonomic with nonmylienated postganglionic axon that extnts to effector

Question 2

the sympathetic axons vs. parasympathetic axons

Answer 2

sym- pre is short and lightly myleinated post- long and nonmylineated
para- pre- is long and light mylein post is short and no mylien

Question 3

most effectors are innervated by both ANS divisons (dual innervation) EXCEPT?

Answer 3

sweat glands
arrector pili muscles
blood vessels and adrenal medulla

Question 4

Parasympathetic -
origin of fibers
location of ganglia
Neurotransmitter

Answer 4

origin- brainstem and sacral region of SC
location of ganglia- in visceral effector organs or terminal ganglia
neurot- release ACh

Question 5

Sympathetic-
origin of fibers
location of ganglia
Neurotransmitter

Answer 5

origin- thoracolumbar region of SC (T1-L2)
location of ganglia- close to SC
Neurtot- ACh ONLY in sweat glands, BV, skeletal
rest is Norepinephrine

Question 6

Parasympathetic cranial nerves, location of ganglia and effector organs

Answer 6

Oculomotor (lll) Facial (Vll) Glossopharyngeal (IX)
location of ganglia - in head region
effector- eye, salivary, nasal and lacrimal gland
Vagus (X) - withing walls of target organs- effectors heart and lungs/most visceral organs

Question 7

sympathetic orgin of fibers, location of ganglia

Answer 7

origin- thoracolumbar (t1-l2)

location of ganglia- sympathetic trunk ganglia or collateral ganglia in abdomen

Question 8

Cholinergic fibers release ACh where?

Answer 8

1. ANS preganglionic axons

2. all parasym post ganglion axons @synpase w/ effector

Question 9

explain the 2 subtypes of cholinergic receports for ACh

Answer 9

1. nicontinic 2. muscarinic

Question 10

explain nicotnic receptors

Answer 10

on all postganglionc neurons, in adrenal medulla, and NMJ in somatic nervous system
effect is always excitatory

Question 11

explain muscarinic receptors

Answer 11

on all effector cells

effect can be excitatory or inhibitory

Question 12

adrenergic fibers release NE/E include most of sympathetic post ganglion EXCEPT?

Answer 12

sym postganglion that secrete Ach on sweat glands, BV and skletal muscles

Question 13

explain sympatheric tone

Answer 13

controls BP at rest - maintains state of partial contraction in BV (vasomotor) tone
- constriction of BV causes blood BP to rise and dilation causes BP to decrease

Question 14

explain parasympathetic tone

Answer 14

dominates heart, smooth muscles of digetive and urnairy tract
controls resting HR
promotes activities in urinary and GI tract