Chapter 14

Question 1

interest group

Answer 1

A collection of people or organizations that tries to influence public policy.

An interest group gather together to get their views out.

Question 2

American Anti-Slavery Society

Answer 2

A major interest group, founded in 1833, to advocate for the abolition or the institution of slavery throughout the United States.

The American Anti-Slavery Society worked together to influence the public to abolish slavery.

Question 3

Woman’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)

Answer 3

A public interest group created in 1874 with the goal of outlawing the sale of liquor. Its activities included prayer groups, protest marches, lobbying, and the destruction of saloons.

The Women’s Christian Temperance Union saw liquor as a negative thing in society.

Question 4

The Grange

Answer 4

Founded in 1867 as an educational organization for farmers. The Grange evolved into the first truly national interest group by working to protect the political and economic concern of farming communities and rural areas.

The Grange was made to benefit farmers.

Question 5

lobbyist

Answer 5

Interest group representative who seeks to influence legislation that will benefit his or her organization or client through political and/or financial persuasion.

Lobbyist are sent out to convince others of their organization.

Question 6

Progressive movement

Answer 6

A broad group of political and social activists from the 1890s to the 1920s who opposed corruption in government, supported regulation of monopolies, and sought improvement of socioeconomic conditions.

The Progressive Movement was to fix the problems that were going on.

Question 7

public interest groups

Answer 7

An organization that seeks a collective good that if achieved will not selectively and materially benefit group members.

Public interest groups were organized to benefit the public.

Question 8

American Federation of Labor (AFL)

Answer 8

Founded in 1886, the AFL brought skilled workers from several trades together into one stronger national organization for the first time. It merged in 1955 with the Congress of Industrial Organizations to form the AFL-CIO.

The American Federation of Labor was an organization that was for workers.

Question 9

National Association of Manufacturers (NAM)

Answer 9

An organization founded in 1895 by manufactures to combat the growth of organized labor.

The National Association of Manufacturers was for those who have lost business.

Question 10

U.S. Chamber of Commerce

Answer 10

A major pro-business lobbying group founded in 1912.

The U.S. Chamber of Commerce was in favor of businesses.

Question 11

trade association

Answer 11

A group that represents a specific industry.

Different industries have a trade association.

Question 12

Jerry Falwell

Answer 12

A Southern Baptist minister who, in 1978, founded the conservative religious interest group the Moral Majority.

Jerry Falwell founded a major interest group.

Question 13

Moral Majority

Answer 13

A conservative religious interest group credited with helping to mobilize conservatives Evangelical Christian voters from its founding in 1978 through the presidency if Ronald Reagan (1981-1989).

The Moral Majority wanted to make laws that were influenced by religion.

Question 14

Pat Robertson

Answer 14

A Southern Baptist minister and television evangelist who ran for president in 1988 and i 1989 founded the conservative religious interest group the Christian Coalition.

After the Moral Majority was dissolved Pat Robertson tried to make another interest group.

Question 15

Christian Coalition

Answer 15

A religious interest group founded in 1989 to advance conservative Christian principles and traditional values in American politics.

The Christian Coalition used the advantage of their growth and used it the most during election periods.

Question 16

National Rifle Association (NRA)

Answer 16

The major gun-rights lobbying group in the United States, which opposes gun control and advances an expansive interpretation of the Second Amendment.

The National Rifle Association is another conservative group.

Question 17

AFL-CIO

Answer 17

A large labor union founded in 1955 by the merging of the American Federation of Labor (AFL) and its one-time rival the Congress of Industrial Organization.

The AFL-CIO is a union that focus on concerns from members.

Question 18

social capital

Answer 18

Cooperative relationships that facilitate the resolution of collective problems.

People involved in social capital tend to be more engaged.

Question 19

civic virtue

Answer 19

The tendency to form small-scale associations for the public good.

Civic virtue leads room for improvements.

Question 20

pluralist theory

Answer 20

The theory that political power is distributed among a wide array of diverse and competing interest groups.

Pluralist theory focuses on how power is distributed.

Question 21

disturbance theory

Answer 21

The theory that interest groups form as a result of changes in the political system.

The disturbance theory is formed by a group that has a different perspective than another group.

Question 22

transactions theory

Answer 22

The theory that public policies are the result of narrowly defined exchanges or transactions among political actors.

The transaction theory came from people seeing problems with the pluralist theory.

Question 23

collective good

Answer 23

Something of value that cannot be withheld from a nonmember of a group, for example, a tax write-off or a better environment.

Collective good is not joining a group but still getting the same benefits as someone in the group would.

Question 24

economic interest group

Answer 24

A group with the primary purpose of promoting the financial interests of its members.

Economic interest groups focus is to gain profit and to benefits for their members, so they have their members as priority.

Question 25

political action committee (PAC)

Answer 25

Officially recognized fund-raising organization that represents interest groups and is allowed by federal law to make contributions directly to candidates’ campaigns.

The political action committee does not have a set group of members instead they have people who contribute to a particular candidate that has what they want in office.

Question 26

lobbying

Answer 26

The activities of a group or organization that seek to persuade political leaders to support the group’s position.

Lobbying helps a group get their ideas the support from political leaders.

Question 27

Marian Wright Edelman

Answer 27

A lawyer who in 1973 founded the Children’s Defense Fund to protect the rights of children, particularly those who are members of disadvantaged groups.

Marian Wright Edelman was a advocate for those who had a disadvantage in society.

Question 28

patron

Answer 28

A person who finances a group or individual activity.

Patron are usually people who have a lot of money to fund a specific group.

Question 29

free rider problem

Answer 29

Potential member who fail to join a group because they can get the benefit, or collective good, sought by the group without contributing the effort.

The free rider problem is people who don’t join a group but they still get the rewards that come to the group without doing anything to help the group.

Question 30

Lobbying Disclosure Act

Answer 30

A 1995 federal law that employed a strict definition of lobbyist and established strict reporting requirements on the activities of lobbyists.

The Lobbying Disclosure Act was made to get a closer look at the activities lobbyist do, it was more strict and had them fulfill requirements.

Question 31

Honest Leadership and Open Government Act of 2007

Answer 31

Lobbying reform banning gifts to members of Congress and their staffs, toughening disclosure requirements, and increasing time limits on moving from the federal government to the private sector.

The Honest Leadership and Open Government Act of 2007 but a restrictions on lobbyist.