Chapter 14

Question 1

What are the 3 location classifications of peripheral sensory receptors?

Answer 1

1. Exteroceptors
2. Interoceptors
3. Proprioceptors

Question 2

These type of peripheral sensory receptors are sensitive to stimuli arising outside of the body.

Answer 2

Exteroceptors

Question 3

These type of peripheral sensory receptors are sensitive to stimuli arising inside the body.

Answer 3

Interoceptors

Question 4

These type of sensory receptors are located in the musculoskeletal organs. They monitor the degree of stretch of these locomotory organs and send input on the body movements to the CNS.

Answer 4

Proprioceptors

Question 5

What are the 5 classifications of peripheral sensory receptors by stimulus detected? What do they respond to?

Answer 5

1. Mechanoreceptors: mechanical forces
2. Thermoreceptors: temperature change
3. Chemoreceptors: chemicals in solution and changes in blood chemistry
4. Photoreceptors: Light
5. Nocioceptors (special class) result in painful, harmful stimuli.

Question 6

In PNS, there are (nerves/tracts) and (ganglia/nuclei).

Answer 6

Nerves and ganglia in the PNS

Nevers: bundles of peripheral axons
Ganglia: clusters of peripheral cell bodies.

Question 7

What are the structural classes of the peripheral sensory receptors?

Answer 7

Unencapsulated, Encapsulated, and Proprioceptors

Question 8

What is the structural, functional, and stimulus type class of free nerve endings of sensory neurons?

Answer 8

Struct: Unencapsulated
Loc: Exteroceptors, interoceptors, and proprioceptors
Stimulus: Nocioceptors (pain), thermoreceptors (heat and cold), mechanoreceptors (pressure), chemoreceptors

Question 9

What is the structural, functional, and stimulus type class of Modified free nerve endings (Epithelial tactile complexes, Merkel discs)? (Basal layer of epidermis)

Answer 9

Struct: Unencapsulated
Loc: Exteroceptors
Stimulus: Mechanoreceptors (light pressure)

Question 10

What is the structural, functional, and stimulus type class of hair follicle receptors?

Answer 10

Struct: Unencapsulated
Loc: Exteroceptors
Stimulus: Mechanoreceptors (hair deflection)

Question 11

What is the structural, functional, and stimulus type class of tactile (Meissner’s) corpuscles?

Answer 11

Struct: Encapsulated
Loc: Exteroceptors
Stimulus: Mechanoreceptors (light pressure, discriminative touch, vibration of low frequency)

Question 12

What is the structural, functional, and stimulus type class of Lamellar (Pacinian) corpuscles?

Answer 12

Struct: Encapsulated
Loc: Exteroceptors, interoceptors, and some proprioceptors
Stimulus: Mechanoreceptors (deep pressure, stretch, vibration of high frequency); rapidly adapting

Question 13

What is the structural, functional, and stimulus type class of Bulbous corpuscle (Ruffini endings)?

Answer 13

Struct: Encapsulated
Loc: Exteroceptors and proprioceptors
Stimulus: Mechanoreceptors (deep pressure and stretch); slowly adapting

Question 14

What is the structural, functional, and stimulus type class of Muscle spindles?

Answer 14

Struct: Proprioceptors
Loc: Proprioceptors
Stimulus: Mechanoreceptors (muscle stretch)

Question 15

What is the structural, functional, and stimulus type class of Tendon organs?

Answer 15

Struct: Proprioceptors
Loc: Proprioceptors
Stimulus: Mechanoreceptors (tendon stretch)

Question 16

What is the structural, functional, and stimulus type class of Joint kinesthetic receptors?

Answer 16

Struct: Proprioceptors
Loc: Proprioceptors
Stimulus: Mechanoreceptors and nociceptors

Question 17

Craniosacral is another name for the _________ nerves

Answer 17

Parasympathetic

Question 18

Thoracolumbar is another name for the __________ nerves

Answer 18

Sympathetic

Question 19

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic are part of the _______ nervous system

Answer 19

Autonomic Nervous System

Question 20

For craniosacral (parasympathetic) nerves, the neurotransmitter has _____ preganglionic and ______ postganglionic axons.

Answer 20

For craniosacral (parasympathetic) nerves, the neurotransmitter has a long preganglionic light myelinated axons and short postganglionic unmyelinated axons.

Question 21

For thoracolumbar (sympathetic) nerves, the cell bodies are located in the _____ matter.

Answer 21

For thoracolumbar (sympathetic) nerves, the cell bodies are located in the gray matter.

Question 22

For thoracolumbar (parasympathetic) nerves, the neurotransmitter has \_\_\_\_\_\_ postganglionic axons. 
(preganglionic is medium length, but lightly myelinated too)

Answer 22

For thoracolumbar (parasympathetic) nerves, the neurotransmitter has a long, unmyelinated postganglionic innervation.

Question 23

The neurotransmitter at the effector organs for sympathetic nerves is ____ at the sympathetic ganglion (or organ), but then it changes to ____ at the very end.

Answer 23

ACh, NE

Question 24

The neurotransmitter at effector for the parasympathetic nerves is ____ for both the ganglion and the effector organs.

Answer 24

ACh

Question 25

The neurotransmitters at effector for the somatic nervous system is ______.

Answer 25

ACh

Question 26

Which cranial nerves attach to the forebrain?

Answer 26

Cranial nerves 1 and 2 (Olfactory and optic). All others attach to the brainstem.

Question 27

Which cranial nerve is the only one that extends into the abdomen?

Answer 27

CN 10 (Vagus)