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Chapter 14: Exercise and Special Populations > Chapter 14 > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Flashcards

1
Q

exercise for clients with_

aerobic activities

low to moderate intensity

goal 150 - 200 minutes/week

5 days/week

A

dyslipidemia

EXERCISE CAN REDUCE LDL LEVELS

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2
Q

Highest prevalence of low back pain seen in

A

Women aged 40 to 80 years

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3
Q

LDL

190 or greater

A

Very high

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4
Q

clients with PVD should be encouraged to walk to the point of _ btwn grades _ and _

A

intense pain

grades 2 and 3

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5
Q

primary stimulus for development of collateral circulation and improvements to oxidative metabolism

A

ischemia - dedrease in blood supply due to constricted or blocked blood vessels

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6
Q

brief summary of client’s current status based on subjective and objective observations and measures

A

SOAP:

assessment

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7
Q

Rheumatoid class_

Able to perform self care but limited in vocational and avocational activities

A

Class 3

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8
Q

Silent killer

A

Hypertension

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9
Q

cholesterol:

travels through body attached to_

transported in _

A

attached to a protein - lipoprotein

blood plasma

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10
Q

Most common fracture sites: 3

A

Hip
Spine
Wrist

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11
Q

MHR _ with age

Cardiac out declines _ % per year upon reaching adulthood

Cardiac out put drops _ to _%

VO2 max declines _% per decade after 30 yrs old

A

Declines

1%

30 - 60%

8-10%

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12
Q

_ rep max may derive most benefit to bone

A

8 -RM

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13
Q

Obese/overweight should exercise _ days/ week to maximize caloric expenditure

A

5-6 days per week

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14
Q

Low risk CAD clients:

A

No exercise induces ischemia

Functional capacity of greater than 7 METS

Ejection fraction greater than 50%

No abnormal heart rhythms

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15
Q

Moderate exercise can lower risk of CAD by _%

A

20%

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16
Q

Muscle _ has the most positive association with low back health

A

Muscle endurance

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17
Q

cardiac reserve is _ and is _ in pregnant women

physical demands more difficult in _ position

A

difference btwn resting and max cardiac function

reduced

supine

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18
Q

3 diseases that make up cardiovascular disease

A

heart attack
PVD
stroke

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19
Q

Exercise can reduce _

in clients with fibromyalgia

(3)

A

Pain
Depression
Anxiety

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20
Q

2nd leading cause of death in the United States

A

Cancer

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21
Q

youth - greatest gains in bone mass occur

A

just before and during puberty

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22
Q

Signs of stroke:5

A

Sudden:

Numbness in face, arms, legs

Confusion, trouble speaking

Trouble seeing in one or both eyes

Loss of balance, coordination

Severe headache

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23
Q

Family history

Hypertension

Smoking

Diabetes

Age

Dyslipidemia

Lifestyle

A

Risk factors that contribute to CVD:

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24
Q

clients with PVD should not exercise in _ or _ to avoid vasoconstriction

A

cold air or water

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25
Q

Women with. Hip fracture have a _ risk of incurring another fracture

A

Fourfold

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26
Q

What is PEH

How kind does it last?

A

Post exercise hypotension- decrease in SBP and DBP post exercise

Up to 22 hours

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27
Q

Blood vessel in brain hurts

A

Hemorrhagic stroke

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28
Q

3 risk factors that can increase chronic disease

A

poor diet
smoking
physical inactivity

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29
Q

Rheumatoid class_

Able to perform ADL

A

Class 1

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30
Q

Malignant cells _

Benign cells _

A

Metastasize

Stay local and do not spread

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31
Q

Bone remodeling:2

A

Bone formation is typically greater than bone resorption

This is disrupted with age

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32
Q

exercise for clients with _

non-impact endurance activities

short duration walking

low to moderate intensity - to the point of intense pain

long warm ups and cool downs - 10min or longer

daily exercise

A

peripheral vascular disease

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33
Q

System that provides information regarding position of the head in space

A

Vestibular system

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34
Q

_ Americans have CAD

A

15.4 million

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35
Q

Blood supply to the brain is cut off

%

A

Ischemic Stroke

80%

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36
Q

LDL

160-189

A

High

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37
Q

Each _ rise in SBP and _ rise in DBP _ the risk of developing CVD

A

20 mmHg

10 mmHg

Doubles

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38
Q

PVD grade_

Definite discomfort or pain but only initial or modest levels

A

Grade 1

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39
Q

PAOD:

A

Peripheral artery occlusive disease

Atherosclerosis of lower extremities

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40
Q

Exercise for clients with _

Low intensity endurance

Gradual progression to intervals

12-15 reps

NO ISOMETRIC CONTRACTIONS!!

Increase to 30 min

HR 20 to 30 beats over RHR

3-5 days week

A

Cardiovascular disease

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41
Q

leading cause of death in the U.S. for men and women

A

CVD

cardiovascular disease - heart disease and high BP

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42
Q

Atherosclerotic lesions in peripheral arterial or venous blood vessels

pain, cramping - can be brought on by exercise

A

Peripheral vascular disease

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43
Q

Exercise has been shown to improve _ the system responsible for dissolving blood clots

A

Fibrinolytic activity

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44
Q

Triglycerides

Normal

Borderline high

High

Very high

A

Less than 150

150-199

200-499

Greater than 500

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45
Q

ACE PTs can work with clients with health challenges only after

A

They have been cleared by there personal physicians

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46
Q

Cholesterol minus HDL

Or

The sum of: LDL, VLDL and IDL

A

Non-HDL

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47
Q

youth exercise per day :

time
intensity
type

A

60 minutes

moderate to vigorous activity

strength training and aerobic

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48
Q

LDL 130-159

A

Borderline high

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49
Q

Exercise selections for clients _

Endurance exercise
Weights- low resistance, high reps
Balance exercise

Low to moderate intensity

30-60 min

5 days/ week

A

Older adults

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50
Q

Elevated waist circumference

Elevated triglycerides
Reduced HDL
Elevated BP
Elevated fasting glucose

3 or more of the above =

A

Metabolic syndrome

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51
Q

Exercise should be discontinued if:

SBP reaches

DBP reaches

A

250

115

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52
Q

Guidelines for_

Lift knee no higher than 90 degrees

Keep toes straight

No adduction past midline

Focus on lateral movement

A

Clients with hip replacement

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53
Q

HDL inversely correlated with

A

CAD -

higher HDL = lower risk of CAD

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54
Q

BMI down not distinguish between _ and. _

A

Fat and muscle

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55
Q

_ is long lasting pain and tenderness at specific points of the body

Symptoms include- fatigue and sleep disturbances

Does NOT cause inflammation

Impairs joints and causes chronic pain

A

Fibromyalgia

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56
Q

prolonged exercise is the supine position can increase risk of _

A

fetal hypoxia

brain injury due to lack of oxygen to the brain

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57
Q

Elevated BP

Elevated fasting glucose

A

130/85 or greater

100 or greater

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58
Q

_ contains 20-30% of bodies total cholesterol

Produced in intestines and liver

A

HDL

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59
Q

Exercise guidelines for clients with _

Perform 55-75% functional capacity

Avoid long duration and high intensity

Strength training

A

Type 1 diabetes

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60
Q

Exercise for type 2 diabetes can improve

A

Lipid profiles

Prevention of CAD

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61
Q

Ventilation of large quantities of dry, cold air that contain allergies or pollutants

Symptoms peak_

A

EIA

Exercises induced asthma

5-10 minutes after exercise stops

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62
Q

Clients with _ or more lifer style disease should follow a _ intensity program

A

1 or more

Moderate intensity

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63
Q

HDL

Low

High

A

Less than 40

High 60 or greater

64
Q

People with asthma respond better to exercise

A

Mid to late morning

65
Q

_ carries 60-70% of the bodies total serum cholesterol

A

LDL

66
Q

measurements such as:

vital signs
height
weight
age
posture
nutrition log info
exercise test results
A

SOAP:

objective

67
Q

Physician supervised Maximal graded exercise test required for

A

All clients with CAD

68
Q

exercise selection for _

activities that use large muscle groups

muscle and bone strengthening exercise

incorporate low, moderate and vigorous intensity

60 minutes/day or more

A

exercise for youth

69
Q

Chronically elevated blood glucose levels =

A

Hyperglycemia

70
Q

Exercise for type 1 diabetes can improve

A

Insulin receptor sensitivity

71
Q

Excessive thirst
Hunger
Frequent urination
Weight loss

A

Symptoms of type 1 diabetes

72
Q

High BP

Smoking

Heart disease

Inactivity

TIA

Risk factors for

A

stroke

73
Q

Cline should not exercise within _ of chemotherapy or radiation therapy

A

2 hours

74
Q

Cardio respiratory, resistance training and core exercises are primary components for clients with _

Avoid:
Forward flexion
Twisting with turned feet
Rapid movement 
Lifting both legs when prone or supine
A

Low back pain

75
Q

Thea are symptoms of _

Aches and pains
Tender points 
Stiffness
Decreased endurance 
Fatigue
Muscle spasms
Parathesis - numbness or tingling
A

Fibromyalgia

76
Q

Reduced HDL - sign of MetS
MEN

WOMEN

A

MEN = less than 40

WOMEN = less than 50

77
Q

Manifestations of atherosclerosis include:

A

Angina
Heart attack
Stroke
Claudication

78
Q

Diseases or disorders in addition to a primary disease or disorder

A

Comorbidities

79
Q

Most rapidly growing age group in America

A

85 years and older

80
Q

Exercise recommendations for clients recovering from _

Balance

Light resistance training

Light to moderate intensity

Build to 30 minutes

5 days / week

A

Clients recovering from a stroke

81
Q

Primary objective when treating MetS: 2

A

Reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease

Type 2 diabetes

82
Q

_% reduction in BMR btwn early adulthood and retirement age

A

10%

83
Q

Chronic systemic inflammatory disease

Joint pain, swelling, stiffness

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

84
Q

Peripheral vascular disease - most prominent risk factors -2

A

Smoking and diabetes

85
Q

Beta blockers and channel blockers can cause

A

Orthostatic hypotension

86
Q

Momentary reductions in oxygen delivery to the brain

A

TIA

Transient ischemic attacks

87
Q

Prolonged _ can lessen chances of EIA

A

Warm up and cool down periods

88
Q

SOAP note

used for:

A

subjective
objective
assessment
plan

documenting patient’s progress

89
Q

Brisk walking 3-5 hours / week will decrease cancer relapse by_%

A

50%

90
Q

_ carries 10-15% of bodies total cholesterol

Major carrier of_

A

VLDL

Very low density lipoprotein

Triglycerides

91
Q

_ is when cells do not use insulin properly

90-95% of all cases

Insulin resistance AND impaired insulin production

75% people are obese

A

Type 2 diabetes

92
Q

body temperature in pregnant woman should not exceed _

A

100 degrees

take temp immediately after exercise

93
Q

Physical activity can protect active people from some cancers including: 3

A

Colon

Prostate

Breast

94
Q

Triglycerides associated with low levels of _ and high levels of _

A

HDL

LDL

95
Q

McGill’s lower back health guidelines:

Perform low back exercises _

Combine cardio exercise with _

Do not perform full range spine motion _

Low back exercises should emphasize _

A

Daily

Low back exercises

After rising from bed

Endurance- high reps

96
Q

atherosclerosis:

A

hardening and narrowing of arteries causing blocked arteries and putting blood flow at risk

97
Q 
Angina
Dyspnea- SOB
Dizziness
Pallor - 
Rapid HR
A

Exercise termination signs

98
Q

Primary prevention of obesity starts with

A

Maintenance of current weight not weight reduction

99
Q

BMI =

A

Weight (kg) / height squared (m)

100
Q

Thrombocytopenia

Clients are at increased risk for_

A

Low platelet counts

Bruising and bleeding

101
Q

_ is a good training option for hypertensive clients

_ exercise should be avoided

A

Circuit training

Isometric exercise

102
Q

_ excreted in the urine leads to thirst, reduces appetite and weight loss

A

Excess glucose

103
Q

7%

Glucose intolerance occurs during pregnancy

A

Gestational diabetes

104
Q

Primary goals for exercise with arthritis patients: 2

A

Lower CAD risk

Improve ROM in affected joints

105
Q

Degenerative joint disease, leads to deterioration of cartilage and development of bone spurs at the edge of joints

Often caused by trauma or obesity

A

Osteoarthritis

106
Q

Exercise guidelines for clients with _

1:3 ratio - rest 3 minutes for each minute of exercise

Goal is to develop a regular pattern of activity

Begin with 2 to 5 minute sessions followed by 6-15 minute rest breaks

A

Chronic fatigue syndrome

107
Q

Exercise selections for clients with _

Weight bearing exercise

8-RM

Multiple bouts of bone loading

A

Clients with osteoporosis

108
Q

Clients with _ need to avoid:

Spinal flexion 
Jumping
Step aerobics 
Adduction and abduction legs against resistance 
Pulling on neck with hands behind head
A

Clients with osteoporosis- spinal and other fractures

109
Q

PVD grade_

excruciating, unbearable pain

A

grade 4

110
Q

Maintaining and improving cardiovascular condition, preventing musculoskeletal deterioration, reducing nausea and fatigue… is the goal of exercise use in the treatment of _

A

Cancer

111
Q

Daily routine for low back health: 4

A

Cat-camel

Modified curl up

Birddog

Side bridge

112
Q

Overweight and obese should accumulate btwn _ and _ minutes of moderate intensity exercise per week

A

150-225

113
Q

Total cholesterol

Desirable

Borderline high

High

A

Less than 200

200-239

240 or greater

114
Q

Chronic back pain lasts more than

A

3 months

115
Q

Guideline for clients with _

Avoid forward head positions

Always bend at knees

Do not work through the pain

A

Clients with low back pain

116
Q

Exercise for clients with _

Low impact endurance exercise PRIMARY mode

Low resistance, high rep strength training

Low intensity - 40-65% of HR

40-60 minutes

4-7 days week

A

Hypertensive clients

117
Q

PVD grade_

intense pain from which client’s attention cannot be diverted

A

grade 3

118
Q

Hypertension

Prehypertension

A

SBP greater than 140
DBP greater than 90

SBP 120-139
DBP 80-89

119
Q

LDL

Less than 100

A

Optimal

120
Q

Disease characterized by narrowing of the coronary arteries that supply the heat muscle with blood and oxygen

A

Coronary artery disease CAD is also called atherosclerotic heart disease

121
Q

Rheumatoid class_

Limited ability in self care and vocational activities

A

Class 4

122
Q

_ develops when the body’s immune system destroys pancreatic beta cells that produce insulin

Occurs most frequently in children and young adults

5-10% adult cases

A

Type 1 diabetes

Insulin dependent diabetes

123
Q

children at risk for heat - related illness due to: 4

*at risk more than adults

A

higher ration of body surface area to mass

lower exercise economy

diminished sweat capacity

lower cardiac output at similar workload

124
Q

Elevated waist circumference MEN, WOMEN

Elevated triglycerides

A

WAIST men 40 in or greater

WAIST women 35 IN OR GREATER

TRIGLYCERIDES = 150 OR GREATER

125
Q

client’s status report
symptoms
challenges with program
progress made

A

SOAP:

subjective

126
Q

Drop in blood pressure associated with rising to an upright position

A

Orthostatic hypotension

127
Q

blood lipid profiles lowered with decreases in_

2 examples

A

body fat

exercise and dietary changes

128
Q

Weight stability =

Clinically significant weight change =

A

3% change in weight

5 % or more

129
Q

highest correlation to CVD: 2

A

high LDL and total cholesterol

130
Q

next steps of program based on the assessment

A

SOAP:

Plan

131
Q

Rheumatoid class _

Able to perform self care and vocational activities but limited in avocational activities

A

Class 2

132
Q

Weight bearing exercises are recommended for clients with osteoporosis b/c:

A

Gains in bone mass and strength are easily induced via impact with the ground

133
Q

It’s recommended obese individuals accumulate _ minutes of physical activity per week

A

200-300 minutes

134
Q

trainer must obtain _ when training youth

rest time btwn exercise

A

medical clearance

1-2 minutes

135
Q

_ exercises for children and adolescents

hopscotch
hopping, skipping, jumping
jumping rope
runnung
sports
A

bone strengthening

136
Q

Exercise session should be delayed if pre-exercise glucose level is below _

Or if it’s 250 with presence of_

A

100 - ingest additional carbohydrates

Ketosis

137
Q

pregnant women better able to dissipate heat due to: 2

A

increased blood flow to the skin

increased tidal volume

138
Q

COG moves _ with pregnancy

women are more _ during pregnancy due to hormone related joint laxity

A

upward and out

flexible

139
Q

Fasting plasma glucose of _ indicates diabetes

Fasting plasma glucose of 100-125 indicates _

A

126 or greater

Prediabetes

140
Q

Bone density between 1.0 and 2.5 below the mean

Precursor for osteoporosis

A

Osteopenia

141
Q

Aerobic exercise and strength training make greatest contribution to weight management when calories do NOT go below

A

1200 / day

142
Q

Exercise selections for clients with _

Weight bearing exercise - due to increase risk of osteoporosis

Focus on duration rather than intensity

Build to 30-40 min

Daily

A

Clients with cancer

143
Q

PVD grade_

moderate discomfort from which clients attention can be diverted by conversation

A

grade 2

144
Q

LDL100-129

A

Near/above optimal

145
Q

Incapacitating fatigue lasting 3-6 months

Female to male ratio

Co-exists with depress

A

Chronic fatigue syndrome

4:1

146
Q

Rupture of vulnerable plaques and the release of blood clotting substances can lead to

A

Myocardial infarction

147
Q

major carrier of the triglyceride

associated with: 2

A

VLDL = very low density lipoprotein

low levels of HDL and high levels of LDL

148
Q

Clients with neutropenia should avoid

A

Public gyms and work out at home

Low white blood cell counts

149
Q

BMI overweight

BMI obese

A

25-29.9

30 or greater

150
Q

Give glory to GOD

You can do this through His strength

Live for the benefit of others

A

Thank you GOD

151
Q

swimming is the primary mode of exercise for _

upper body resistance training is NOT RECOMMENDED

A

asthma

152
Q

“An RPE of 11 to 16 (6 to 20 scale) is the preferred exercise intensity.” With which condition is this client MOST likely coping?

A

Type 2 diabetes

153
Q

One of the means of objectively assessing the success of a mind-body exercise program is to record baseline

A

baseline and serial blood pressure measurements

154
Q

An older adult client who is interested in trying mind-body exercise has decided that tai chi might be the best fit for her needs and abilities. Which form of tai chi would you recommend?

A

sun style

155
Q

Which form of tai chi is the most practiced in the West today?

A

Yang style

Chapter 14: Exercise and Special Populations (1 decks)

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