Chapter 14 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

hydrocarbons

A

composed of hydrogen and carbon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

unsaturated

A

molecules that have double and triple covalent bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

saturated

A

all bonds are single ones and no new atoms may be joined without the removal of others that are already bonded

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

isomerism

A

hydrocarbon compounds with the same composition may have different atomic arrangements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

macromolecules

A

gigantic in comparison to the hydrocarbon molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

repeat units

A

long molecules that are successively repeated along the chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

monomer

A

small molecule from which a polymer is synthesized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

polymer

A

many units

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

homopolymer

A

when all of the repeating units along a chain are of the same type

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

copolymers

A

chains composed of two or more different repeat units

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

bifunctional

A

monomers that have an active bond that may react to form two covalent bonds with other monomers forming a two-dimensional chainlike molecular structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

functionality

A

number of bonds that a given monomer can form

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

trifunctional

A

three active bonds, from which a three-dimensional molecular network structure results

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

linear polymers

A

those in which the repeat units are joined together end to end in single chains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

branched polymers

A

polymers synthesized in which side-branch chains are connected to the main ones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

crosslinked polymers

A

adjacent linear chains are joined one to another at various positions by covalent bonds

17
Q

network polymers

A

multifunctional monomers forming three or more active covalent bonds make 3D networks

18
Q

stereoisomerism

A

situation in which atoms are linked together in the same order (head-to-tail) but differ in their spatial arrangement

19
Q

isotactic configuration

A

all of the R groups are situated on the same side of the chain

20
Q

syndiotactic configuration

A

R groups alternate sides of the chain

21
Q

atactic configuration

A

random positioning

22
Q

cis structure

A

-for polymers, a prefix denoting a type of molecular structure
-for some unsaturated carbon chain atoms within a
repeat unit, a side atom or group may be situated on one side of the double bond or directly opposite at a 180 degree rotation position.
-in a cis structure, two such side groups within the same repeat unit reside on the same side

23
Q

trans structure

A

for polymers, a prefix denoting a type of molecular
structure
-for some unsaturated carbon chain atoms within a repeat unit, a single side atom or group may be situated on one side of the double bond, or directly opposite at a 180 degree rotation position
-in a trans structure, two such side groups within the same repeat unit reside on opposite sides

24
Q

thermoplastics

A
  • soften when heated (and eventually liquefy) and harden when cooled—processes that are totally reversible and may be repeated
  • most linear polymers and those having some branched structures with flexible chains
25
Q

thermosets

A
  • network polymers

- become permanently hard during their formation and do not soften upon heating

26
Q

random copolymer

A

two different units are randomly dispersed along the chain

27
Q

alternating copolymer

A

two repeat units alternate chain positions

28
Q

block copolymer

A

identical repeat units are clustered in blocks along the chain

29
Q

graft copolymer

A

homopolymer side branches of one type may be grafted to homopolymer main chains that are composed of a different repeat unit

30
Q

polymer crystallinity

A

packing of molecular chains to produce an ordered atomic array

31
Q

ceramics and polymers

A
  • ceramics = all crystalline except for glass because its amorphous
  • polymers = semi crystalline
32
Q

amorphous

A

no crystalline structure

33
Q

crystallite

A

a region within a crystalline polymer in which all the

molecular chains are ordered and aligned

34
Q

chain-folded model

A

for crystalline polymers, a model that
describes the structure of platelet crystallites. Molecular
alignment is accomplished by chain folding that occurs at the crystallite faces

35
Q

spherulite

A

an aggregate of ribbon-like polymer crystallites

(lamellae) radiating from a common central nucleation site; the crystallites are separated by amorphous regions