Chapter 14 Flashcards
agoraphobia
A fear of going out to public places
anorexia nervosa
An eating disorder characterized by intense fear of gaining weight, disturbed body image, refusal to maintain normal weight, and use of dangerous methods to lose weight.
Anxiety Disorder
A class of psychological disorders marked by feelings of excessive apprehension and anxiety
binge–eating disorder
binge–eating disorder
An eating disorder that involves distress–inducing eating binges that are not accompanied by the purging, fasting, and excessive exercise seen in bulimia
Bipolar Disorder
Psychological disorders marked by the experience of both depressed and manic periods
bulimia nervosa
An eating disorder characterized by habitual out–of–control overeating followed by unhealthy compensatory efforts, such as self–induced vomiting, fasting, abuse of laxatives and diuretics, and excessive exercise.
catatonic schizophrenia
A type of schizophrenia marked by striking motor disturbances, ranging from muscular rigidity to random motor activity.
concordance rate
A statistic indicating the percentage of twin pairs or other pairs of relatives that exhibit the same disorder.
conversion disorder
Psychological disorder characterized by a significant loss of physical function or by other physical symptoms (with no apparent organic basis), usually in a single organ system
Delusions
False beliefs that are maintained even though they clearly are out of touch with reality.
Diagnosis
Distinguishing one illness from another
disorganized schizophrenia
A type of schizophrenia characterized by a particularly severe deterioration of adaptive behavior
dissociative amnesia
A sudden loss of memory for important personal information that is too extensive to be due to normal forgetting
dissociative disorders
A class of psychological disorders characterized by loss of contact with portions of one’s consciousness or memory, resulting in disruptions in one’s sense of identity.
dissociative fugue
A loss of memory for one’s entire past life, along with one’s sense of personal identity.
dissociative identity disorder
Dissociative disorder involving the coexistence in one person of two or more largely complete, and usually very different, personalities. Also called multiple–personality disorder.
Eating Disorders
Severe disturbances in eating behavior characterized by preoccupation with weight and unhealthy efforts to control weight.
epidemiology
The study of the distribution of mental or physical disorders in a population
etiology
The apparent causation and developmental history of an illness.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
A psychological disorder marked by a chronic high level of anxiety that is not tied to any specific threat.
Hallucinations
Sensory perceptions that occur in the absence of a real external stimulus or that represent gross distortions of perceptual input
hypochondriasis (hypochondria)
Excessive preoccupation with health concerns and incessant worry about developing physical illnesses
Major Depressive disorder
Psychological disorder characterized by persistent feelings of sadness and despair and a loss of interest in previous sources of pleasure
Manic-Depressive disorder
Psychological disorders marked by the experience of both depressed and manic periods. Also See bipolar disorder.
Medical Model
The idea that it is useful to think of abnormal behavior as a disease
Mood Disorders`
A class of disorders marked by emotional disturbances that may spill over to disrupt physical, perceptual, social, and thought processes.
Multiple Personality Disorders
Dissociative disorder involving the coexistence in one person of two or more largely complete, and usually very different, personalities. Also called multiple–personality disorder. Also See dissociative identity disorder
Neurotransmitters
Chemicals that carry signals from one neuron to another
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
A psychological disorder marked by persistent uncontrollable intrusions of unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and by urges to engage in senseless rituals (compulsions)
Panic Disorder
Recurrent attacks of overwhelming anxiety that usually occur suddenly and unexpectedly.
paranoid schizophrenia
A type of schizophrenia dominated by delusions of persecution, along with delusions of grandeur.
Phobic Disorders
Anxiety disorders marked by a persistent and irrational fear of an object or situation that presents no realistic danger.
Prevalence
The percentage of a population that exhibits a disorder during a specified time period.
Prognosis
A forecast about the probable course of an illness
schizophrenic disorders
A class of disorders marked by disturbances in thought that spill over to affect perceptual, social, and emotional processes
somatization disorder
A psychological disorder marked by a history of diverse physical complaints that appear to be psychological in origin.
somatoform disorders
A class of psychological disorders involving physical ailments that have no authentic organic basis but are due solely to psychological factors.
undifferentiated schizophrenia
A type of schizophrenia marked by idiosyncratic mixtures of schizophrenic symptoms
The famous industrialist Howard Hughes devised extraordinary rituals to minimize the possibility of being contaminated by germs. For example, he would sometimes spend hours methodically cleaning a telephone. Hughes’s behavior exemplifies which of the following disorders?
a. Agoraphobia
b. Panic disorder c. Generalized anxiety disorder d. Obsessive-compulsive disorder
D
People who lose contact with portions of their consciousness or memory and experience disruptions in their sense of identity, would most likely be considered as having which of the following types of disorders?
a. Schizophrenia
b. Anxiety disorders c. Dissociative disorders d. Somatoform disorders
C
Sarah hears voices that tell her to shoot Dr. Laura. She is experiencing:
a. delusions.
b. compulsions. c. a phobic reaction. d. hallucinations.
D
Compulsion is to “action” as obsession is to:
a. fear.
b. thought. c. emotion. d. behavior.
B
Which of these is NOT a criterion for abnormal behavior?
a. Deviance
b. Maladaptive behavior c. Personal distress d. Bizarre behavior
D
Interpersonal roots of depression include all of the following except:
a. inadequate social skills.
b. attracting a supportive social network. c. alienating others by asking for reassurances about their relationships and self-worth. d. gravitating toward partners who view them unfavorably.
B
Which of the following statements best reflects the relationship between stress and anxiety disorders?
a. High stress may help precipitate the onset of anxiety disorders.
b. People with anxiety disorders tend to be unaffected by stress. c. The relationship between stress and anxiety disorders is largely a myth. d. Stress appears to exert its influence on the severity, rather than the onset, of anxiety disorders.
A
Some clinicians maintain that most cases of dissociative identity disorder are rooted in:
a. early reinforcement for avoiding reality.
b. a genetic predisposition for engaging in fantasy. c. a deficiency in certain neurotransmitters in the brain. d. severe emotional trauma that occurred during childhood
D
People with unipolar disorders experience ________; people with bipolar disorders experience ________.
a. alternating periods of depression and mania; mania only
b. depression only; alternating periods of depression and mania c. mania only; alternating periods of depression and mania d. alternating periods of depression and mania; depression and mania simultaneously
B
Michael gambles nearly every day, completely neglecting his family and his job. His behavior best satisfies which of the following criteria of abnormality?
a. Deviance
b. Personal distress c. Physical discomfort d. Maladaptive behavior
D
Sergio has just entered treatment for bipolar disorder, he is informed that most patients respond to drug treatment within a month. This information represents:
A. a prognosis
B. an etiology
C. a histology
D. a concordance
A
Although Sue always feels high levels of dread, worry, and anxiety, she still meets her daily responsibilities. Sues behavior
A. should not be considered abnormal, since her adaptive functioning is not impaired
B. should not be considered abnormal, since everyone sometimes experiences worry and anxiety
C. can still be considered abnormal, since she feels great personal distress
D. both a and b
C
People who repeatedly perform senseless rituals to overcome their anxiety are said to have a(n) A.Generalized anxiety disorder B. manic disorder C. obsessive-compulsive disorder D. Phobic disorder
C
Recent epidemiological studies have found that the most common types of psychological disorders are:
A. dissociative disorders and anxiety disorders
B. anxiety disorders and schizophrenic disorders
C. substance use disorders and anxiety disorders
D. Substance use disorders and autistic disorders
C
Which of the following statements about dissociative identity disorder is true?
a. The original personality is always aware of the alternate personalities
b. Dissociative identity disorder is an alternate name for schizophrenia
c. The multiple personalities are typically all quite similar to one another
d. Starting in the 1970s, there was a dramatic increase in the diagnosis of dissociative identitiy disorder
D
After several months during which he was always gloomy and dejected, Mario has suddenly perked up. He feels elated and energetic and works around the clock on a writing project. He has also started to bet heavily on sporting events over the Internet, which he never did previously. Marios behavior is consistent with:
a. schizophrenia
b. obsessive-compulsive disorder
c. bipolar disorder
d. dissociative identity disorder
C
A concordance rate indicates:
a. the percentage of twin pairs or other relatives who exhibit the same disorder
b. the percentage of people with a given disorder who are currently recieving treatment
c. the prevalence of a given disorder in the general population
d. the rate of cure for a given disorder.
A
Which of the following would be a negative symptom of schizophrenia?
a. Auditory hallucinations
b. Delusions of persecution
c. Having virtually no friendships
d. Delusions of grandeur
C
Research suggests that there is an association between schizophrenia and:
a. serotonin depletion
b. enlarged brain ventricles
c. hippocampal degeneration
d. abnormalities in the cerebellum
B
About ________ % of patients with eating disorders are female.
a. 40
b. 50-60
c. 75
d. 90-95
D
