Chapter 14 Flashcards
Creative Class
category of workers in multiple occupations and industries united by the fact that creativity is central to their productive work
Enclosure Movement
forced people off what had been public land and sent them looking for work in the cities
New Farming Technologies
leg to an agricultural revolution that helped increase the population and the value of land
Innovations in manufacturing and transportation technology
created a demand for the larger labor pool to fill new jobs
Adam Smith
argue that competition, driven by peoples inherent self-interest and drive to trade, helps maintain a cohesive society. Specialization is a key to increased productivity and innovation, USE OF MONEY AS OPPOSED TO BARTER MAKES TRADING MORE EFFICEFFICENTENT
Georg Simmel
saw the evolution of monetary payment systems- from piecework payments to wage labor to salaried work- as a force to DEPERSONALIZE exchange… felt it was a POSITIVE change that gave workers more freedom to enjoy leisure
Karl Marx
argued that capitalism created alienation in workers-alienation from the products produced, production process, from one another, and from themselves and their creative tendencies
What did Karl Marx believe??
That capitalism would ultimately destroy itself and that the middle class would rise against the capitalistic class leading to socialism and then communism
Max Weber
linked the rise of capitalism to technology and ideas, specifically ideas and beliefs connected to the Protestant Reformation. Capitalism = NEGATIVE because people became obsessed with making money
Corporation
juristic person- an entity that has all the legal rights, duties, and responsibilities of a person- and corporations structure economic life around the world