Chapter 14 Flashcards
Fundamental attribution error
The tendency, when analyzing another’s behavior, to overestimate the influence of personal traits and underestimate the effects of the situation
Attitude
Feelings, often based on our beliefs, that predisposed us to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
The tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request
Role
A set of expectations about social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave
Cognitive dissonance theory
The theory that we act reduce the discomfort we feel when two of our thoughts clash.
Ex: when we become aware that our attitudes and our actions don’t match, we may change our attitudes so that we feel more comfortable.
Conformity
Adjusting our behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.
Social facilitation
Stronger responses on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others.
Social loafing
The tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable.
Deindividuation
The loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity
Group polarization
Strengthening of a groups pre existing attitudes through discussions within the group.
Groupthink
The mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives.
Social psychology
The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another.
Prejudice
An unjustifiable and usually negative attitude toward a group and its members. Prejudice generally involves stereotyped beliefs, negative feelings, and a predisposition to discriminatory action.
Stereotype
A generalized belief about a group of people
Discrimination
Unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and its members.
Just-world phenomenon
The tendency to belt that the world is just and people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get.
Ingroup
“Us” people with whom we share a common identity
Outgroup
“Them” those perceived as different or apart from our group
Ingroup bias
The tendency to favor our own group
Scapegoat theory
The theory that prejudice offers an outlet of anger by providing someone to blame
Other-race effect
The tendency to recall faces of ones own race more accurately than faces of other races
Aggression
Any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy
Frustration-aggression principle
The principle the frustration-blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal-creates anger, which can generate aggression
Social script
Culturally modeled guide for how to act in various situations
