Chapter 14 Flashcards
Cheka
Secret Police
Bolsheviks
They supported a small number of committed revolutionaries. Lead by Lenin . Nov 1917 armed factory workers (bolshevik red guards) stormed the Winter Palace in Petrograd and took over gov offices and arrested leaders of provisional gov.
Civil war vs. white army (supported rule of czar). Us helped white army but defeated by Leon Trotsky.
Lenin “Peace Land and Bread
He was the major leader of the Bolsheviks. Ruthless leader. Fled to western Europe to avoid arrest by Czarist regime. He returned with the help of Germany in a boxcar 1917. Through Lenins lead, bolsheviks took over. Signed the treaty of Brest Litovsk to surrender in WW. It gave up a huge territory of russia. Widespread anger among many russians.
New eco policy
Let peasants sell their surplus instead of giving to gov. Gov kept control of major industries, banks and communication. Encouraged foreign investment
New economic Policy
Let peasants sell their surplus instead of giving to gov. Gov kept control of major industries, banks and communication. Encouraged foreign investment
Stalin (Rise to power)
Ruled after Lenin. Used totalitarianism. Great purge - eliminated everyone who was against or a terror to his power. He controlled all of media and education (communist teaching). He also tried to replace religion especially orthodox church.
Command economy- government makes all economic decisions.
Five Year plan- set impossible quotas to improve output of steel, coal, oil and electricity. This limited ppl’s necessary goods. Improved economic.
Collective Farms- Seized privately owned and combined it into collective farms. Produced food for the whole state. Kulaks resented idea. while peasant actively tried to get their land back. Resulted in 2x more wheat. PPl received wages not share of profit.
Great Purge
Eliminated everyone who was against or a terror to his power. Thousands of bolsheviks stood in trial. They were executed or sent to labor camps. Killed 8-13 million.
communism
Idea from Karl Marx and Lenin. All land and business are owned by the people. Private orgs or business don’t exist. All goods and and services are shared equally.
Gulag
Administered the labor camps under Stalin’s reign. 1 million died.
Soviet
Socialist revolutionaries consisting of workers, peasants, and soldiers (had more influence that provisional gov).
Five Year Plan
Stalin set impossible quotas to improve output of steel, coal, oil and electricity. This limited ppl’s necessary goods. Improved economic.
Terror Famine in Ukraine
Kulaks in ukraine resisted collective farms. They protested by killing officials and burning their own crops. Under Stalin, 3 million Ukrainians died, exiled, or was imprisoned. 6 million died in famine due to the burning of crops.
Mao
Founder of the Chinese Communist Party. Believed peasants could be real revolutionaries. Divided land the communist won and divided it among local farmers.
Sun Yat Sen
First leader of Kuomintang (Nationalist party) 3 principles of the people nationalism- end to foreign control people’s rights- democracy people’s livelihood- economic security
Jiang Jeishi
Took over after Sun Yixian.
Promised democracy but government became unsteady and corrupt.
Turned against Communist party and almost wiped it out.
Long March
Communist 6,000 mile journey.
Thousands died from hunger, cold, exposure, and battle wounds.
out of 100,000 6-8,000 settled in the caves of northwestern China, where they gained followers.
