Chapter 14 Flashcards
acids according to bronsted-lowry:
H+ donor (proton donor)
bases according to bronsted-lowry:
bases according to bronsted-lowry:
hydronium ion
H+
conjugate base
everything that remains of the acid molecule after an proton is lot
conjugate acid:
formed when the proton is transferred to the base (accepts H+)
conjugate acid-base pair:
consists of two substances related to each other by donating and accepting of a single proton
Ka
acid dissociation constant
strong acid:
- equilibrium lies far to the RIGHT(all original HA is dissociated)
- strong acid yields a weak conjugate base
- Ka is large
weak acid
- equilibrium lies far to the LEFT (all original HA is not dissociated)
- strong acid yields an strong conjugate base
- Ka is small
diprotic acid:
a acid having two acidic protons
oxyacid
the acidic proton is attached to a oxygen atom
organic acids:
those with carbon atom backbone (contain carboxyl group)
monoprotic acid:
have one acidic proton
amphoteric:
can behave either as a acid or as a base (water)
Kw:
- ion-product constant (dissociation constant for water)
- refers to the autoionization of water
- in any aqueous solution at 25 degrees celcius, no matter what it contains
- the product of (H+) and OH-) must equal: 1.0 10-14
autoionization of water
-the transfer of a proton from one water molecule to another to produce an hydroxide ion (H30) and hydronium ion (OH)
Kw in an neutral solution:
H+ = OH-
Kw in an acidic solution:
H+ > OH-
Kw in an basic solution:
OH- > H+
pH:
- log [H+]
- pH decreases as H+ increases
anions of an SA:
neutral (Cl-, NO3-, I-, ClO4-, Br-)
cations of an SB:
neutral (Li +, Na+, K+, Ca 2+, Sr 2+, Ba 2+)
anion
(-)negative
cation
positive (+)
weak base
-Kb is small
Ka>Kb
-ph < 7 (acidic)
Kb>Ka
-ph > 7 (basic)
Ka=Kb
-pH = 7 (neutral)
anion of an WA:
slightly basic (anything but the anions of an SA)
anion of an WB:
slightly acidic (anything but cations of SB)
Strong acids:
HCl HNO3 HI H2SO4 HClO4 HBr
Claire (Cl) climbed over four (ClO4) brooms (Br) in Inida (I) while napping over 3 (NO3) solid ostriches (SO4)
strong bases:
LiOH NaOH KOH Ca(OH)2 Sr (OH)2 Ba (OH)2
when you add a strong acid and strong base
the pH is neutral (7)
triangle Hvap:
40.7 kJ/mol
at STP
273 liters
1 atm
liters
moles
triangle Hfus
:6.02kJ/mol
