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Chem > Chapter 14 > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Flashcards

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1
Q

acids according to bronsted-lowry:

A

H+ donor (proton donor)

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2
Q

bases according to bronsted-lowry:

A

bases according to bronsted-lowry:

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3
Q

hydronium ion

A

H+

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4
Q

conjugate base

A

everything that remains of the acid molecule after an proton is lot

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5
Q

conjugate acid:

A

formed when the proton is transferred to the base (accepts H+)

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6
Q

conjugate acid-base pair:

A

consists of two substances related to each other by donating and accepting of a single proton

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7
Q

Ka

A

acid dissociation constant

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8
Q

strong acid:

A
  • equilibrium lies far to the RIGHT(all original HA is dissociated)
  • strong acid yields a weak conjugate base
  • Ka is large
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9
Q

weak acid

A
  • equilibrium lies far to the LEFT (all original HA is not dissociated)
  • strong acid yields an strong conjugate base
  • Ka is small
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10
Q

diprotic acid:

A

a acid having two acidic protons

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11
Q

oxyacid

A

the acidic proton is attached to a oxygen atom

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12
Q

organic acids:

A

those with carbon atom backbone (contain carboxyl group)

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13
Q

monoprotic acid:

A

have one acidic proton

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14
Q

amphoteric:

A

can behave either as a acid or as a base (water)

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15
Q

Kw:

A
  • ion-product constant (dissociation constant for water)
  • refers to the autoionization of water
  • in any aqueous solution at 25 degrees celcius, no matter what it contains
  • the product of (H+) and OH-) must equal: 1.0 10-14
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16
Q

autoionization of water

A

-the transfer of a proton from one water molecule to another to produce an hydroxide ion (H30) and hydronium ion (OH)

17
Q

Kw in an neutral solution:

A

H+ = OH-

18
Q

Kw in an acidic solution:

A

H+ > OH-

19
Q

Kw in an basic solution:

A

OH- > H+

20
Q

pH:

A
  • log [H+]

- pH decreases as H+ increases

21
Q

anions of an SA:

A

neutral (Cl-, NO3-, I-, ClO4-, Br-)

22
Q

cations of an SB:

A

neutral (Li +, Na+, K+, Ca 2+, Sr 2+, Ba 2+)

23
Q

anion

A

(-)negative

24
Q

cation

A

positive (+)

25
Q

weak base

A

-Kb is small

26
Q

Ka>Kb

A

-ph < 7 (acidic)

27
Q

Kb>Ka

A

-ph > 7 (basic)

28
Q

Ka=Kb

A

-pH = 7 (neutral)

29
Q

anion of an WA:

A

slightly basic (anything but the anions of an SA)

30
Q

anion of an WB:

A

slightly acidic (anything but cations of SB)

31
Q

Strong acids:

A 
HCl
HNO3
HI
H2SO4
HClO4
HBr

Claire (Cl) climbed over four (ClO4) brooms (Br) in Inida (I) while napping over 3 (NO3) solid ostriches (SO4)

32
Q

strong bases:

A 
LiOH
NaOH
KOH
Ca(OH)2
Sr (OH)2
Ba (OH)2
33
Q

when you add a strong acid and strong base

A

the pH is neutral (7)

34
Q

triangle Hvap:

A

40.7 kJ/mol

35
Q

at STP

A

273 liters
1 atm
liters
moles

36
Q

triangle Hfus

A

:6.02kJ/mol

Chem (14 decks)

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