Chapter 14

Question 1

The pressure that exists in the distribution system, measured at the residual hydrant at the time the flow readings are taken at the flow hydrants.

Answer 1

Residual Pressure

Question 2

A system having water pipes servicing fire hydrants and designed to furnish, over and above domestic consumption, a minimum of 950 L/min (250 gpm) at 138 kPa (20 psi) residual pressure for a 2-hour duration.

Answer 2

Municipal type water system

Question 3

A type of hydrant used in areas subject to freezing weather. The valve that allows water to flow into the hydrant is located underground below the frost line, and the barrel of the hydrant is normally dry.

Answer 3

Dry-Barrel hydrant

Question 4

The reduction in pressure resulting from the water being in contact with the side of the hose. This contact requires force to overcome the drag that the wall of the hose creates.

Answer 4

Friction loss

Question 5

A water distribution system that depends on gravity to provide the required pressure. The system storage is usually located at a higher elevation than the end users of the water.

Answer 5

Gravity-feed system

Question 6

Smaller diameter water main pipes in the water distribution system that connect the primary feeders to the distributors.

Answer 6

Secondary feeders

Question 7

The largest diameter water main pipes in a water distribution system that carry the greatest amounts of water.

Answer 7

Primary feeders

Question 8

The energy that an object has stored up as a result of its position or condition. A raised weight and a coiled spring have this kind of energy.

Answer 8

Potential energy

Question 9

The amount of water flowing through pipes, hose, and fittings, usually expressed in litres (gallons) per minute (L/min or gpm).

Answer 9

Water flow

Question 10

A large opening from the water tank of a mobile water supply apparatus for unloading purposes.

Answer 10

Dump valve

Question 11

The amount of pressure created by gravity. Also known as head pressure.

Answer 11

Elevation pressure

Question 12

The quantity of water flowing; usually measured in litres (gallons) per minute.

Answer 12

Volume

Question 13

The observed static pressure in a water distribution system during a period of normal demand.

Answer 13

Normal operating pressure

Question 14

A type of gauge that is used to measure the velocity pressure of water that is being discharged from an opening. It is used to determine the flow of water from a hydrant or nozzle.

Answer 14

Pitot gauge

Question 15

A generic term for any underground water pipe.

Answer 15

Water main

Question 16

A method of transporting water from a source to a fire scene using a number of mobile water supply apparatus.

Answer 16

Water shuttle operations

Question 17

An arrangement of pipe permanently connected to a water source other than a piped, pressurized water supply system that provides a ready means of water supply for firefighting purposes and that utilizes the drafting (suction) capability of a fire department pump

Answer 17

Dry hydrant

Question 18

A hydrant used in areas that are not susceptible to freezing. The barrel of the hydrant is normally filled with water.

Answer 18

Wet-barrel hydrant

Question 19

The large-diameter port on a fire hydrant.

Answer 19

Steamer port

Question 20

An above-ground water storage tank that is designed to maintain pressure on a water distribution system.

Answer 20

Elevated water storage tower

Question 21

The smallest diameter underground water main pipes in a water distribution system that deliver water to local users within a neighborhood.

Answer 21

Distributors

Question 22

The application of force by one object against another. When water is forced through the distribution system, this is created.

Answer 22

Water pressure

Question 23

A water source such as a pond, river, stream, or other body of water that is not under pressure.

Answer 23

Static sources of water

Question 24

The surge of pressure that occurs when a high-velocity flow of water is abruptly shut off. The pressure exerted by the flowing water against the closed system can be seven or more times that of the static pressure.

Answer 24

Water hammer

Question 25

Any valve that can be used to shut down water flow to a water user or system.

Answer 25

Shut-off valve

Question 26

The energy possessed by an object as a result of its motion.

Answer 26

Kinetic energy

Question 27

A water storage facility.

Answer 27

Reservoir

Question 28

The pressure that exists at a given point under normal distribution system conditions measured at the residual hydrant with no hydrants flowing.

Answer 28

Static pressure

Question 29

The physical science of how water flows through a pipe or hose.

Answer 29

Fire hydraulics

Question 30

A vehicle designed primarily for transporting (pickup, transporting, and delivering) water to fire emergency scenes to be applied by other vehicles or pumping equipment.

Answer 30

Mobile water supply apparatus

Question 31

Folding or collapsible tanks that are used at the fire scene to hold water for drafting.

Answer 31

Portable tanks

Question 32

A privately owned water system that operates separately from the municipal water system.

Answer 32

Private water system

Question 33

A source of water for firefighting activities.

Answer 33

Water supply