Chapter 14

Question 1

A-T G-C

Answer 1

Chargaffs rule

Question 2

Nucleotides

Answer 2

Are the monomers that build DNA

Question 3

A nucleotide is made up of 1,2,3

Answer 3

1 Penrose sugar, 2 phosphate group, 3 nitrogenous base

Question 4

RNA ONLY

Answer 4

No T (thymine) only U (uracil)

Question 5

RNA is for

Answer 5

Complementary base pairing

Question 6

Nucleotides combine with each other via

Answer 6

Phosphodiester bonds

Question 7

Directionality

Answer 7

Opposite direction
3-5
5-3

Question 8

Chromatin

Answer 8

Interphase

Question 9

When the phosphate bond holding the third phosphate to the nucleoside is broken the energy released is used to form the

Answer 9

Phosphodiester bonds
Between the incoming nucleotides of the growing chain

Question 10

DNA pol I is an

Answer 10

Accessory protein important is DNA polymerization

Question 11

DNA pol II is required for

Answer 11

DNA repair

Question 12

DNA pol III is the enzyme necessary for

Answer 12

Adding new nucleotides on to the growing chain

Question 13

Helicase is an

Answer 13

Enzyme that unwinds the DNA by breaking down the hydrogen bonds between the nitrogenous base pairs using ATP

Question 14

DNA pol II can only add new nucleotides to the

Answer 14

3’ end

Question 15

DNA pol I pieces them together later away from the replication fork this,

Answer 15

Form fragments called Okazaki fragments

Question 16

The strand with Okazaki fragments is called the

Answer 16

Lagging strand

Question 17

A protein called the sliding clamp holds the

Answer 17

DNA pol III in place

Question 18

DNA polymerase III

Answer 18

Bacteria
Starts adding nucleotides to the 3’ -OH end of the primers

Question 19

The gap between the two DNA fragments are sealed by DNA Ligase which helps in the formation of

Answer 19

Phosphodiester bonds

Question 20

Strand elongation (adding new nucleotides to the two new strands) is done by

Answer 20

Pol a, pol b, and pol e, in eukaryotes

Question 21

A sliding clamp protein called proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) holds the

Answer 21

DNA pol complex in place is eukaryotes

Question 22

Point mutations

Answer 22

Affect a single base pair usually substitutions

Question 23

Missense mutation

Answer 23

Result in the wrong amino acid being translated

Question 24

Frame shift mutation

Answer 24

Result from insertions or deletions of nucleotides which shift the reading frame and the production of a nonfunctional protein