Chapter 1.4-1.5

Question 1

Types of Scales

Answer 1

local, regional, national, and global

Question 2

Formal region

Answer 2

-shared trait, either physical or cultural

Question 3

Region

Answer 3

constitutes an area that shares similar characteristics and as a whole is distinct from other regions

Question 4

Wilbur Zelinsky

Answer 4

Tackled the complex task of defining and delimiting the perceptual regions of the US and Souther Canada.
-In an article titled “North America’s Vernacular Regions, he identified 12 major perceptual regions on a series of maps.

Question 5

Culture

Answer 5

Identifies not only the whole tangible lifestyle of peoples, but also their prevailing values and beliefs

Question 6

Cultural diffusion

Answer 6

The spread of a cultural idea

Question 7

Time-distance decay

Answer 7

The further a place is from a hearth, the less likely the innovation will be adopted

Question 8

Cultural barriers

Answer 8

Prescriptions cultures make about a behavioral act that pose a powerful obstacle to the spread of idea or innovation
-EX. religious teachings

Question 9

Expansion diffusion

Answer 9

When an innovation or idea develops in a hearth and remains strong there while also spreading outward

Question 10

Types of expansion diffusion

Answer 10

contagious
hierarchical
stimulus

Question 11

contagious diffusion

Answer 11

distance-controlled spreading of an idea, innovation, or some other item, through a local population by contact from person to person
EX. contagious illness

Question 12

hierarchical diffusion

Answer 12

idea or innovation spreads by passing first among the most connects places or peoples.

Question 13

Stimulus diffusion

Answer 13

cultural adaptation is created as a result of the introduction of a cultural trait from another place

Question 14

relocation diffusion

Answer 14

sequential diffusion process in which the items being diffused are transmitted by their carrier agents as they evacuate the old areas and relocate to new ones. The most common form of relocation diffusion involves the spreading of innovations by a migrating population
-involves the actual movement of individuals who have already adopted the idea

Question 15

Geographic concepts

Answer 15

ways of seeing the world spatially that are used by geographers in answering research questions

Question 16

environmental determinism

Answer 16

the view that the natural environment has a controlling influence over various aspects of human life, including cultural development

Question 17

possibilism

Answer 17

a response to determinism

• holds that human decision making, not the environment, is the crucial factor in cultural development.
• still views environment as providing a set of constraints on human choice

Question 18

cultural ecology

Answer 18

multiple interactions and relationships b/w a culture and the natural environment

Question 19

political ecology

Answer 19

an approach to studying nature-society relations that is concerned w/ the ways in which environmental issues both reflect, and are the result of, the political and socioeconomic contexts in which they are situated