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social studies > chapter 14&15 > Flashcards

chapter 14&15 Flashcards

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1
Q

two continents

A

North America and South America -make up the region called the Americas

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2
Q

first people came to America across the _________ from _________

A

Bering Strait; Asia

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3
Q

first people were

A

Hunter gatherers

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4
Q

settled in America because

A

they could plant seeds in farm; some relied on fishing

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5
Q

maize

A

corn

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6
Q

The first urban, complex civilization in Mesoamerica

A

olmec

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7
Q

olmec civilization had towns with

A

religious and government center

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8
Q

first pyramids in America and made great sculptures; had a developed trading network

A

olmec

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9
Q

first in the Andes mountains in South America

A

chavin

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10
Q

where did the mayas live

A

mesoamerica

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11
Q

what did mayas trade

A

Obsidians and cacao beans

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12
Q

Sharp, glass like volcanic rock

A

obsidian

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13
Q

very valuable, usually only Rich had it, sometimes used as money

A

Cacao beans

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14
Q

what helped mayan villages grow

A

trade networks

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15
Q

when did Mayans civilization reached its height; spread to yucatan peninsula; more than 40 cities; trade, cities, warfare

A

classic age

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16
Q

Who treated with each other in maya civilization

A

highlands and lowlands

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17
Q

what maya buildings were built in cities

A

public plazas; pyramids;temples to honor kings;ball courts; canals

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18
Q

what was Maya war fare like

A

bloody; hand to hand combat

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19
Q

what did Maya’s fight for

A

Power and land

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20
Q

what are some possibilities why Mayan civilizations declined

A

warfare, decreased food supply, drought, rebellion

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21
Q

Southern part of Mexico and northern Central America – rain forests-very fertile

A

Mesoamerica

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22
Q

mayan society had a

A

complex class structure

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23
Q

The upper classes in mayan society varied _____ from lower classes

A

greatly

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24
Q

Maya upper-class

A

kings, priests, professional warriors, merchants

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25
Q

MAYASWho thought to be related to gods

A

mayan rulers

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26
Q

MAYASwho led religious ceremonies, battles, and was the richest

A

rulers

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27
Q

MAYASwho were the most educated, had knowledge of math and astronomy, planned religious ceremonies

A

priests

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28
Q

MAYASwho fought battles and decorated bodies for war

A

professional warriors

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29
Q

MAYASwho organized trade , provides what was needed

A

merchants

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30
Q

MAYAS-farmers,slaves-orphans, owed money, captured enemies

A

lower class

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31
Q

belief in many gods

A

polytheistic

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32
Q

MAYAS-can be helpful and harmful so pleased with human sacrifice

A

gods

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33
Q

inca society had two main social classes

A

upper and lower class

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34
Q

inca capital

A

cuzco

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35
Q

INCAS- kings, priests, government officials

A

upper class

36
Q

INCAS- farmers, artisans, servents

A

lower class

37
Q

INCAS HAD NO

A

SLAVES

38
Q

inca laws prevented the lower class for wearing

A

decorated clothing

39
Q

INCA- empire had official

A

religon

40
Q

INCA- when conquered new regions

A

taught their religion to conquered people

41
Q

most important inca god

A

god of sun

42
Q

INCAS- believes their _____ were related to sun god

A

kings

43
Q

INCAS sacrificed

A

animals

44
Q

INCAS known for

A

massive buildings in forts made of huge, stone blocks

45
Q

Incas- built system of

A

roads that connected all the parts of the empire(kept empire connected)

46
Q

inca jewelry made with

A

gold and silver

47
Q

storytelling, history, and songs – major part of Incan tradition– Passed along from generation to generation

A

oral literature

48
Q

INCAS passed on the stories from generation to generation

A

official memorizers

49
Q

AZTECS 1st farmer from

A

Northern Mexico

50
Q

what did Aztecs do to survive

A

Aztecs hired them selves out as skilledfighters

51
Q

where was the Aztec empire

A

Lake Texcoco

52
Q

what would happen if you were defeated by an Aztec

A

you would pay a tribute

53
Q

payment to a more powerful ruler or country

A

tribute

54
Q

AZTECStributes for usually in the form of

A

gOld, cotton, or food

55
Q

AZTECmade lots of enemies this way

A

tribute

56
Q

AZTECS maintained control by controlling the trade network

A

huge markets; merchant spies to keep eye on empire;

57
Q

by early 1500s, _______ were the most powerful empire in Mesoamerica

A

Aztec

58
Q

Key factors in the rise of Aztec empire

A

war to expand empire; tribute for profit; trade for control and money

59
Q

aztec capital

A

Tenochtitlan

60
Q

Built in the middle of Lake Texcoco

A

Tenochtitln

61
Q

raised roads across water or wet ground

A

cause ways

62
Q

floating gardens

A

Chinampas

63
Q

small group of Spanish warriors reached Mexico in 1519

A

Conquistadors

64
Q

AZTECSconquistadors came to ________, find ________, and spread _________

A

explore; gold; Catholicism

65
Q

aztec- conquistadors led by

A

Hernan Cortes

66
Q

aztec leader during cortes visit

A

moctezuma II

67
Q

modern inca civilization

A

peru

68
Q

what ruler led incas to expand their territory through alliances and war

A

Pachacuti

69
Q

INCA control their society by

A
  • conquered leaders were forced to moved out of villages and move in with leaders who were loyal to incan government
  • children learned inca ways
  • quechua- official language
  • controlled economy & payed taxes with labor
  • distributed goods instead of having markets and merchants
70
Q

official inca language

A

Quechua

71
Q

pay taxes through labor

A

mita

72
Q

civil war fought between 2 brothers which

A

weakened the empire

73
Q

fransico pizarro & Spanish demanded the incan leader convert to

A

Christianity ; refused so war began

74
Q

inca- Spanish kidnapped Atahualpa & demanded room of

A

gold and silver

75
Q

leader of incas when pizzaro came

A

Atahualpa

76
Q

reasons for Spanish defeat

A

superior weapons, horses, diseases

77
Q

One of the great maya cities located in modern-day north east guatemala

A

tikal

78
Q

A slash and burn technique for farming

A

milpa

79
Q

aztec society was organized, which consisted of families that shared land, schools, and a temple

A

calpulli

80
Q

aztecs had a very complex writing system called

A

codex

81
Q

incas had no written language. kept records with

A

quipus

82
Q

american indian woman who acted as a guide and interpreter for herman cortes

A

malintzin

83
Q

now a valuable source of information about the mayas; told many mayan legends and history

A

popol vuh

84
Q

mayas believed their kings communicated with

A

gods

85
Q

after learning to grow maize. mesoamericas also learned to grow

A

beans and squash

86
Q

mayan king that had a temple built to record his achievements as a rulers; has a capital city named after him called

A

pacal; palenque

87
Q

my farmer shaped hillsides into these in order to grow crops

A

terraces

social studies (3 decks)

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