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social studies > chapter 14&15 > Flashcards

chapter 14&15 Flashcards

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1
Q

two continents

A

North America and South America -make up the region called the Americas

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2
Q

first people came to America across the _________ from _________

A

Bering Strait; Asia

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3
Q

first people were

A

Hunter gatherers

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4
Q

settled in America because

A

they could plant seeds in farm; some relied on fishing

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5
Q

maize

A

corn

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6
Q

The first urban, complex civilization in Mesoamerica

A

olmec

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7
Q

olmec civilization had towns with

A

religious and government center

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8
Q

first pyramids in America and made great sculptures; had a developed trading network

A

olmec

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9
Q

first in the Andes mountains in South America

A

chavin

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10
Q

where did the mayas live

A

mesoamerica

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11
Q

what did mayas trade

A

Obsidians and cacao beans

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12
Q

Sharp, glass like volcanic rock

A

obsidian

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13
Q

very valuable, usually only Rich had it, sometimes used as money

A

Cacao beans

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14
Q

what helped mayan villages grow

A

trade networks

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15
Q

when did Mayans civilization reached its height; spread to yucatan peninsula; more than 40 cities; trade, cities, warfare

A

classic age

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16
Q

Who treated with each other in maya civilization

A

highlands and lowlands

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17
Q

what maya buildings were built in cities

A

public plazas; pyramids;temples to honor kings;ball courts; canals

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18
Q

what was Maya war fare like

A

bloody; hand to hand combat

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19
Q

what did Maya’s fight for

A

Power and land

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20
Q

what are some possibilities why Mayan civilizations declined

A

warfare, decreased food supply, drought, rebellion

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21
Q

Southern part of Mexico and northern Central America – rain forests-very fertile

A

Mesoamerica

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22
Q

mayan society had a

A

complex class structure

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23
Q

The upper classes in mayan society varied _____ from lower classes

A

greatly

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24
Q

Maya upper-class

A

kings, priests, professional warriors, merchants

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25
MAYASWho thought to be related to gods
mayan rulers
26
MAYASwho led religious ceremonies, battles, and was the richest
rulers
27
MAYASwho were the most educated, had knowledge of math and astronomy, planned religious ceremonies
priests
28
MAYASwho fought battles and decorated bodies for war
professional warriors
29
MAYASwho organized trade , provides what was needed
merchants
30
MAYAS-farmers,slaves-orphans, owed money, captured enemies
lower class
31
belief in many gods
polytheistic
32
MAYAS-can be helpful and harmful so pleased with human sacrifice
gods
33
inca society had two main social classes
upper and lower class
34
inca capital
cuzco
35
INCAS- kings, priests, government officials
upper class
36
INCAS- farmers, artisans, servents
lower class
37
INCAS HAD NO
SLAVES
38
inca laws prevented the lower class for wearing
decorated clothing
39
INCA- empire had official
religon
40
INCA- when conquered new regions
taught their religion to conquered people
41
most important inca god
god of sun
42
INCAS- believes their _____ were related to sun god
kings
43
INCAS sacrificed
animals
44
INCAS known for
massive buildings in forts made of huge, stone blocks
45
Incas- built system of
roads that connected all the parts of the empire(kept empire connected)
46
inca jewelry made with
gold and silver
47
storytelling, history, and songs – major part of Incan tradition– Passed along from generation to generation
oral literature
48
INCAS passed on the stories from generation to generation
official memorizers
49
AZTECS 1st farmer from
Northern Mexico
50
what did Aztecs do to survive
Aztecs hired them selves out as skilledfighters
51
where was the Aztec empire
Lake Texcoco
52
what would happen if you were defeated by an Aztec
you would pay a tribute
53
payment to a more powerful ruler or country
tribute
54
AZTECStributes for usually in the form of
gOld, cotton, or food
55
AZTECmade lots of enemies this way
tribute
56
AZTECS maintained control by controlling the trade network
huge markets; merchant spies to keep eye on empire;
57
by early 1500s, _______ were the most powerful empire in Mesoamerica
Aztec
58
Key factors in the rise of Aztec empire
war to expand empire; tribute for profit; trade for control and money
59
aztec capital
Tenochtitlan
60
Built in the middle of Lake Texcoco
Tenochtitln
61
raised roads across water or wet ground
cause ways
62
floating gardens
Chinampas
63
small group of Spanish warriors reached Mexico in 1519
Conquistadors
64
AZTECSconquistadors came to ________, find ________, and spread _________
explore; gold; Catholicism
65
aztec- conquistadors led by
Hernan Cortes
66
aztec leader during cortes visit
moctezuma II
67
modern inca civilization
peru
68
what ruler led incas to expand their territory through alliances and war
Pachacuti
69
INCA control their society by
* conquered leaders were forced to moved out of villages and move in with leaders who were loyal to incan government * children learned inca ways * quechua- official language * controlled economy & payed taxes with labor * distributed goods instead of having markets and merchants
70
official inca language
Quechua
71
pay taxes through labor
mita
72
civil war fought between 2 brothers which
weakened the empire
73
fransico pizarro & Spanish demanded the incan leader convert to
Christianity ; refused so war began
74
inca- Spanish kidnapped Atahualpa & demanded room of
gold and silver
75
leader of incas when pizzaro came
Atahualpa
76
reasons for Spanish defeat
superior weapons, horses, diseases
77
One of the great maya cities located in modern-day north east guatemala
tikal
78
A slash and burn technique for farming
milpa
79
aztec society was organized, which consisted of families that shared land, schools, and a temple
calpulli
80
aztecs had a very complex writing system called
codex
81
incas had no written language. kept records with
quipus
82
american indian woman who acted as a guide and interpreter for herman cortes
malintzin
83
now a valuable source of information about the mayas; told many mayan legends and history
popol vuh
84
mayas believed their kings communicated with
gods
85
after learning to grow maize. mesoamericas also learned to grow
beans and squash
86
mayan king that had a temple built to record his achievements as a rulers; has a capital city named after him called
pacal; palenque
87
my farmer shaped hillsides into these in order to grow crops
terraces

social studies (3 decks)

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