Chapter 14

Question 1

Affirmative action

Answer 1

A policy in educational admissions or job hiring that gives special attention or compensatory treatment to traditionally disadvantaged groups in an effort to overcome present effects of past discrimination.

Question 2

Black Codes

Answer 2

Laws denying most legal rights to newly freed slaves; passed by southern states following the Civil War

Question 3

Boycott

Answer 3

A group’s refusal to have commercial dealings with some organization in protest against its policies

Question 4

De Facto Equality

Answer 4

actual equality (housing discrimination still exists against different races/ethnicities, religious groups, sexual orientations, ages, single parents, etc.)

Question 5

De Jure Equality

Answer 5

government shouldn’t pass a law that denies equality to people

Question 6

Desegregation

Answer 6

The ending of authorized segregation, or separation by race.

Question 7

Freedom Riders

Answer 7

Group of civil rights workers who took bus trips through southern states in 1961 to protest illegal bus segregation

Question 8

Heightened Scrutiny Test

Answer 8

this test has been applied when a law classifies based on sex; to be upheld, the law must meet an important government interest

Question 9

Integration

Answer 9

Allows separate systems to communicate directly with each other, eliminating the need for manual entry into multiple systems

Question 10

Jim Crow Laws

Answer 10

Laws designed to enforce segregation of blacks from whites

Question 11

Peonage

Answer 11

the practice of making a debtor work for his creditor until the debt is discharged

Question 12

Protest March

Answer 12

an organized group of people who march for a cause

Question 13

Quota Programs

Answer 13

programs that guarantee a certain percentage of admissions, new hires, or promotions to members of minority groups

Question 14

Sexism

Answer 14

Attitudes or behavior based on traditional stereotypes of sexual roles.

Question 15

Sit-in

Answer 15

nonviolent protests in which a person sits and refuses to leave

Question 16

State Action

Answer 16

Supreme Court interpretation of the equal protection clause that holds the clause prohibited unfair discriminatory actions by government, not by private individuals

Question 17

Strict Scrutiny Test

Answer 17

a test applied by the court when a classification is based on race; the government must show that there is a compelling reason for the law and no other less restrictive way to meet the interest

Question 18

Suffrage

Answer 18

A legal right guaranteed by the 15th amendment to the US constitution

Question 19

Test of Reasonableness

Answer 19

Asks whether challenged contracts or acts are unreasonably restrictive of competitive conditions

Question 20

Unfair Discrimination

Answer 20

Race, color, creed, national origin or disability. Example: some races have genetic diseases and a person can’t be discriminated because of that.