Chapter 14

Question 1

Major reasons to use foam:
1. Magnitude and frequency of hazardous materials incidents that require foam operations for mitigation
2. Newer foam concentrates are more easily used by structural and wildland firefighters
3. Improvements in design of foam proportioning equipment have made their inclusion in apps more fesable
4.Use of foam may help reduce water usage where supply might be limited

Question 2

The D/O should be knowledgable in the assembly and _____ of foam firefighting equipment

Answer 2

operation

Question 3

_______ foams are the most common foams in use.

Answer 3

mechanical

Question 4

Mechanical foams must be proportioned which mean to be mixed with ______ and aerated before use.

Answer 4

water

Question 5

To produce firefighting foam, foam concentrate, _______ and ______ must be educted or injected to the correct _______. If any of these are removed the result will be poor quality foam or ____foam at all

Answer 5

water and air

ratios

no

Question 6

Mechanical Foam: Is foam produced by a physical agitation of a mixture of foam concentrate, ______ and _____

Answer 6

water and air

Question 7

Proportioning: Mixing of water and an appropriate amount of foam concentrate in order to form a foam ______

Answer 7

solution

Question 8

Aeration:
Introduction of _____ into a foam solution to create bubbles that result in finished foam.

Answer 8

air

Question 9

Eduction:
Process used to mix foam with water in a nozzle or proportioner. concentrate is drawn into the water stream by the _______ method.

Answer 9

Venturi

Question 10

Foam concentrate: raw chemical compound solution that is mixed with water and air to produce finished foam.
May be protein, synthetic, aqueous film forming, high expansion or alcohol types.

Question 11

Foam Proportioner:
A device that injects the ______ amount of foam concentrate into the water stream to make the foam solution

Answer 11

proper

Question 12

Foam Solution: Mixture of foam concentrate with water BEFORE the introduction of _____
Foam: Is the finished product

Answer 12

air

Question 13

Failure to match the proper foam concentrate to the type of ____ may result in unsuccessful supression

Question 14

Class B fuels are divided into two categories: Hydrocarbons and _______

Answer 14

polar solvents

Question 15

_______fuels include crude oil, fuel, oil, gasoline, benzine and kerosene. They are ALL petrolium based and have a specific gravity ______ than 1

Answer 15

Hydrocarbon fuels

less

Question 16

Class B foam is effective extinguishing because it floats on the surface of _______ fuels suppressing vapors.

Answer 16

hydrocarbon fuels

Question 17

_______fuels such as alcohol, acetone, ketones, esters and known miscible liquids because they mix with water.

Answer 17

Polar solvent fuels

Question 18

Many fuels including gasoline are blended with up to _____% solvent additives. Treat these as polar solvents

Answer 18

15%

Question 19

Class B foams are designed SOLELY for use on _______ fuels and are NOT effective on Polar Solvents. However, some foams intended to be used on polar solvents may be used on ______ fuels but only under the direction of the _______

Answer 19

hydrocarbon fuels

hydrocarbon fuels

manufacturer

Question 20

Depts should conduct pre-incident planning so the right foam is on the _____ due pumping apparatus

Answer 20

first

Question 21

Foam extinguishes or surpresses by the following methods:
1.
2.
3.

Answer 21

1. Seperating creating a barrier between fuel and fire
2. Cooling- Lowers the temp
3. Suppressing and smothering-reduces the release of flammable vapors reducing the chance of ignition or reignition

Question 22

Miscible- materials that are capable of being ______ in all proportions

Answer 22

mixed

Question 23

hydrocarbon fuels- A petrolium based organic compound that contains only hydrogen and ______

Answer 23

carbon

Question 24

Polar Solvents : Liquid having a molecule where ______ and negative charges are permanently seperated resulting in their ability to ionize in solution and create ______ conductivity

Answer 24

electrical

Question 25

Polar solvents include water, alcohol, sulfuric acid, acetone, ketones and esters.

Question 26

As foam starts to break down, water is ______ providing cooling.

Answer 26

released

Question 27

Foams are mixed with fresh or ____ water

Answer 27

salt

Question 28

A foam must be mixed at right percentage. This is marked on the container of foam concentrate.

Question 29

MOST foam concentrates are formulated to mix with ____ to ____% water

Answer 29

94 -99.9%

Question 30

Class A foams are formulated to be used at percentages ranging from_____to_____%

Answer 30

0.1to1%

Question 31

Class A foam can be created thick for exposure protection and fire breaks or ____ and thinner for to more easily _______ the surface of the fuel.

Answer 31

wet

penetrate

Question 32

Selection of foam proportioner is governed by several factors that include supplied ______ pressure and appropriate appliances as well as the cost of the foam ________ system all play roles

Answer 32

water
proportioning

Question 33

proportioners are designed to be used with _____ nozzles. If a proportioner is incompatable with the foam nozzle they might not profuce _____

Answer 33

foam

foam

Question 34

Foam is proportioned one of 4 ways:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Answer 34

1. injection
2. Induction
3. Batch mixing
4. Premixing

Question 35

Induction proportioning:
uses the water dream to induct or _______foam concentrate in the fire stream. This is achieved by passing the stream of water through a ______ device called an _______

Answer 35

draft

venturi

eductor

Question 36

An eductor has a pickup ____ connected to the eductor that is inserted into the foam concentrate.

Answer 36

tube

Question 37

The pressure differntial created by the water passing through the venturi causes a reduction in pressure which allows _________pressure to force foam concentrate into the stream

Answer 37

atmospheric

Question 38

Two types of proportioners:
Inline eductors and foam ______ eductors

Answer 38

nozzle

Question 39

An eductor can be a portable proportioning device

Question 40

Injection proportioning:
Uses a external ____ to force foam concentrate into the fire stream at the proper ratio in comparison to the flow. MOST common in apparatus mounted or fixed systems

Answer 40

pump

Question 41

Batch Mixing Proportioning
A simple but potentially _______ method. Batch mixing occurs when an appropriate ammount of foam concentrate is _____ directly into a water tank.

Answer 41

inacurate

poured.

Question 42

Batch mixing is COMMONLY used on Class ___ foams. But can also be done with class B foams. When batch mixing class B foams, the tank must be circulated to ensure proper _____

Answer 42

Class A foams

mixing

Question 43

Batch mixing may not be effective during ____ incidents as foam lines must be shut down when tank is emptied.

Answer 43

large

Question 44

Everything must be _______ after batch mixing is completed.

Answer 44

flushed

Question 45

Premixing proportioning: is common method of proportioning in which premeasured portions of water and foam concentrate are ______ in a container.

Answer 45

mixed

Question 46

Premixing is COMMONLY done with portable and _______ extinguishers, skid mounted twin agent units and And APP mounted tank systems.

Answer 46

wheeled

Question 47

Premixed solutions may be discharged from a pressurized tank using ________ air or an inert gas such as _______ or by a pump from a non pressurized storage _____

Answer 47

compressed

nitrogen

tank

Question 48

Note: Premix extinguishers are limited to a ______time use. Once used the must be emptied, _____ and refilled.

Answer 48

one

flushed

Question 49

Foam is stored in 4 COMMON methods.
1.
2.
3.
4.

Answer 49

pails
totes
barrels
App tanks

Question 50

Pails:
normally come in _____ gallon plastic containers. These must be air tight to prevent a _____ from forming on the surface of the foam. An eductor can remove foam from the pail.

Answer 50

5 gallon

skin

Question 51

Totes:
When bulk storage of foam concentrates is required, some fire depts or industrial facilities may specify ______ gallon containers called totes

Answer 51

275 gallon totes

Question 52

Totes are for marge quantities of foam for AARF, wildland and _______facilities

Answer 52

industrial

Question 53

Some depts have trailers equiped with large ammounts of _____

Answer 53

foam concentrate

Question 54

Barrels:
used to store foam concentrate in a ____ gallon plastic or plastic lined barrel.

Answer 54

55 gallons

Question 55

Barrels may be transported to a scene where contents could be transferred or used directly from the _____ just like a 5 gallon pail

Answer 55

barrel

Question 56

Foam concentrate tank of App is ____ to ____ gallons while foam pumppers or tenders may carry ______ gallons or more of foam concentrate

Answer 56

20-100

8,000

Question 57

Smaller foam concentrate tanks are normally located ______ the fire pump.

Answer 57

above

Question 58

Some foam tanks are in integral cell with the apps _____ tank.

Answer 58

water

Question 59

Large foam tanks may be be directly Adjacent to the App _____ tank.

Answer 59

water

Question 60

Foam tenders and industrial foam pumpers have only ____ tank for foam concentrate and not water.

Answer 60

one

Question 61

Foam storage tank MUST be _____ tight.

Answer 61

air

Question 62

Class A foams are becoming increasingly popular in ______ and structual fire fighting

Answer 62

Wildland

Question 63

Class foam has been available since the decade ______’s but has only recently been widely accepted and used for increasing numbers of structure, wildland, coal, tire storage and other fires involving deep seated fuels.

Answer 63

1940’s

Question 64

Although some foam concentrates are approved for both Class A and Class B applications, the MAJORITY of foam concentrates are divided for use on either Class A or Class B fuels.

Question 65

Class A foam is used ordinary combustables.

Question 66

Class A foams are hydrocarbon based Surfactants essentially used as _____ agents that reduce the ______ tension of water and allow it to soak into combustable materials more easily.

Answer 66

wetting.

reduce

Question 67

Class A is a hydrocarbon based surfactant.
Class B is designed SOLELY for use on hydrocarbon fuels.

Question 68

A surfactant is a chemical that reduces the ______tension of a liquid allowing water to penetrate organic fuels.

Question 69

Class A foam may be used with _____ nozzles, aerating ______ nozzles, medium and high expansion devices and CAFS using most nozzles.

Answer 69

fog

foam

Question 70

Shelf life of a properly stored foam solution is as long as _____ years.
This makes it economical to purchase in ______ quantities.

Answer 70

20

bulk

Question 71

Class A foam generally does not have a significant _______ impact, however, you should avoid discharging foam solutions, concentrates or finished foam into a body of ______

Answer 71

water

Question 72

Direct contact with _____ should be avoided as Class A foam concentrate has a ________ charactoristic

Answer 72

skin

corrosive

Question 73

Use the ______ recommendations for flushing equipment after using foam concentrate.

Answer 73

manufacturers

Question 74

Class A Drain time increases in proportion with ______ in the percentage of the solution. This will make the foam appear thicker

Answer 74

increase

Question 75

Most foam nozzles will produce more stable foam at ___% concentration than a 0.5% concentration.

Answer 75

1%

Question 76

proportioning for Cass A foam:

0.2-0.5% used on fire attack, overhaul with standard fog nozzle and application with CAFS

0.3-0.7 use of air aspirating foam nozzles

0.5-1% expossure protection with standard fog nozzle

Question 77

Application Rate:
Is defined as the ____ amount of foam solution to control or extinguish fire measured in Per minute per square foot.

Answer 77

minimum

Question 78

The application rate of Class A foam is the same as the minimum required flow rate for ______

Answer 78

water

Question 79

Flow rates for target hazards should be determined during Pre-incident ______

Answer 79

planning

Question 80

These 3 are common Class A applications:
1. Areas that required _______ penetration
2. Verticle surfaces. Dry foam has a rigid coating and is ______ to drain allowing it to cling to the verticle surface. looks like shaving _____
3. Surface of a fuel. medium foam is able to penetrate a fuel while maintaining a sufficent blanket of protection

Answer 80

maximum

slow

cream

Question 81

A short drain time in foam allows the release of water for more rapid wetting.
A longer drain time provides an insulating later for a longer period of time.

Question 82

Fire and air temperature and _____ can impact the duration of the breakdown process.

Question 83

Class B foam concentrate: Used to suppress fires involving flamable, combustable and vapors from unignited _____

Answer 83

spills

Question 84

Class B foams consist of synthetic or _____ base.

Answer 84

protein

Question 85

While synthetic foam is made from a mixture of fluorosurfactants, protein based foam is derived from ______ protein

Answer 85

animal

Question 86

Class B foam concentrates should be stored in cool areas to maximize shelf life. ______years for protein based foams and _____to_____ years for synthetic foams

Answer 86

10 years

20-25years

Question 87

Different brands of foam concentrates should NOT be ____ together as they may be chemically incompadable. HOWEVER!!!, simular concentrates like AFFF and Fluoroprotein as well as U.S. Military specificfications ____ be mixed together.

Answer 87

mixed

may

Question 88

Impact of foam concentrates on the environment can differ greatly. Generally ______ based products are considered safer for the environment. But you should always check the safety Data Sheet (SDS) provided by manufacturer for info.

Answer 88

protein

Question 89

Class B foams are mixed in proportions from ____to____ %

Answer 89

1-6 percent

Question 90

Some foam is formulated for both ______ and ______ solvents. These products may be used at different concentrations depending on which _____ is involved

Answer 90

hydrocarbons
polar solvents
fuel

Question 91

Percentage for hydrocarbons is normally ____to ____ % and _____to____% for polar solvents

Answer 91

1-3%
3-6%

Question 92

Never enter a spill of unginited flammable _____ an inginiton source may cause the spill to ignite at any time.

Answer 92

liquid

Question 93

Foam expansion:
Is the ___ in volume of foam solution once it has been aerated

Answer 93

increase

Question 94

Foam expansion is generally described as being _____, medium or high.

Answer 94

low

Question 95

low expansion foam is 20 parts finihised foam for every part of foam solution. In other words, a ____:___ ratio

Answer 95

20-1

Question 96

medium foam is usually a _____ to _____ ratio through a hydraulically operated nozzle.

Answer 96

20:1 to 200:1 ratio

Question 97

High expansion foam is usually _____ to ______ ratio

Answer 97

200:1 to 1,000:1 ratio

Question 98

Rates of application depends on 4 things:
1.
2. Whether fuel is on fire
3. type of fuel
4.

Answer 98

1. type of concentrate used
   whether fuel is on fire
2. type of fuel
3. whether fuel is contained or uncontained.

Question 99

The minimum foam solution applications rates for ignited fuels are specified in NFPA ____. D/Os should consult this standard for plans and mitigation.

Answer 99

11

Question 100

Unignited spill don’t require the same application rate due to the absense of ______ heat, open flame and thermal drafts.

Answer 100

radiant

Question 101

Before you start application, make sure the tactical objectives are are available at the point of _______

Answer 101

proportioning

Question 102

When you begin application, it should be from an ______ and _______ position until extinguished.

Answer 102

uphill and upwind

Question 103

Types of foam are selected by jurisdictions based on their _______ and ________

Answer 103

properties and performance

Question 104

Certain foams produce a _____ sealing film or membrane on the burning liquid surface.

Answer 104

vapor

Question 105

Medium and high expansion foam may be sued in large volumes to ____ surfaces or fill confined areas. Suppressing or smothering prevents the release of flammable ______

Answer 105

flood

vapors

Question 106

Protein foams derived from animal protein sources such as hooves, ______ and feather meal. These sources are hydroliyed in the presense of _____ and converted to a protein hydrolysate that is nuetralized.

Answer 106

horns

lime.

Question 107

Foam has additives to prevent ____ in cold weather

Answer 107

freezing

Question 108

Regular protein genrally has good heat stability and ________ resistance

Answer 108

backburn

Question 109

Protein foam degrades more quickly than ______foam

Answer 109

synthetic

Question 110

Regular protein foam is becoming increasingly ____ in the modern fire service.

Answer 110

rare

Question 111

FFFP film forming fluoroprotein foam combines the qualities of fluoroprotein foam with those of _____ film forming ______

Answer 111

Aqueous film forming foam (AFFF)

Question 112

Flouroprotein foam is a combination of ______based foam and _______foam. Fluorochemical surfactants are added to make the foam ____ more readily than ordinary protein foam

Answer 112

protein based foam and synthetic foam
flow

Question 113

Flouroprotein foams also offer longer lasting _____ suppression

Answer 113

vapor

Question 114

Fluoroprotein foam may be made alcohol resistant with the addition of amonia _____. Alcohol resistant properties will be resistant for approximately ______ minutes ofering high water retension and restistance to heat.

Answer 114

salts

Question 115

FFFP is combined with _______ foam and AFFF foam.

Answer 115

Flouroprotein

Question 116

FFFP is also in an ______ resitant formula

Answer 116

alcohol

Question 117

Aqueous film forming foam (AFFF) commonly called A triple F is currently the MOST commonly used synthetic _______ concentrate

Answer 117

foam

Question 118

AFFF consists of flourochecmicals and hydrocarbon surfactants combined with solvents to create a _____ boiling point.

Answer 118

high

Question 119

When AFFF or FFFP foam is applied to fire involving hydrocarbon fuel product, several actions will occur:

1.Air/Vapor excluding film is released ahead of the foam blanket
2. A fast moving ____ of foam spreads across the surface of the fuel.
3. As the aerated foam ______ its water, more film is released giving the foam an ability to recover or “____” areas where the foam blanket is distrubed.

Answer 119

blanket
drains
heal

Question 120

Be cautious of burnback in areas previously covered because the effects may be more apparant with ______foam

Answer 120

AFFF

Question 121

Alcohol restistant AFFF concentrate is commonly used on polar solvents and used in concentration of _____ to _____%. Alcohol resistant foam may also be used on hydrocarbons at ____ to ____% ratios

Answer 121

3-6%

1-6%

Question 122

AR-AFFF should be applied gently so membrane an form. _______ nozzles are best for reserving the membrane with AR-AFFF application.

Answer 122

aspirating

Question 123

An inline foam eductor is a type of foam delivery device that is located in the water supply near the _______

Answer 123

nozzle

Question 124

High Expansion foam contain a detergent base and ______ water content. Because of this there is less _____ damage.

Answer 124

water

Question 125

High expansion foam is used in:
1. concealed space fire such as _____, coal mines and subterranean spaces such as utility tunnels and sewers.
2. fixed extinguisher systems for industrial hazards
3. class A fire application

Answer 125

cellers

Question 126

Low energy Foam Proportioning systems

Foam proportioning systems operate one of two ways:
1. _______ effect
2. A pressurized proportioning device injects foam concentrate into a water stream at a set ratio and at a _______ pressure than the water flow.

Answer 126

higher

Question 127

Low energy foam systems impart pressure on the foam solution with the use of the main ______ pump. This system introduces air into the foam solution either when it reaches the _____ or is discharged from the _____

Answer 127

fire

nozzle

nozzle

Question 128

Portable Foam Proportioners:
A simple and common method of foam proportioning involves the use of a portable foam ________

Answer 128

proportioner

Question 129

Three common types of Portable Foam Proportioners are:

1. inline foam eductors
2. Foam nozzle ______
   3.Self educting Master _____ nozzles

Answer 129

eductors

slef educting master stream nozzles

Question 130

In-line foam eductor is a type of foam delivery device that is located in the water supply near the _______

Answer 130

nozzle

Question 131

follow manufacturers guidelines that specify the correct pressure and distance the eductor should be from the ______

Answer 131

nozzle

Question 132

_______ pressure is pressure lost or gained by changes in elevation between the pump and the _______

Answer 132

Back Pressure

Nozzle

Question 133

The ____ in GPM through an eductor must not exceed it’s rated capacity

Answer 133

flow

Question 134

The pressure at the discharge side of the eductor must not exceed ___% of the eductor inlet pressure. This is called ______ pressure

Answer 134

70%

back pressure

Question 135

Back pressure is determined by adding the nozzle pressure, friction loss in the hose between the eductor and the _____

Answer 135

nozzle

Question 136

The concentration of foam solution will only be blended accurately if the inlet pressure at the eductor is correct. Usually ______to____psi

Answer 136

150-200psi

Question 137

Eductor inlet pressure too low won;t pick up enough ____foam. inlet pressure too high will have too much foam concentration.

Question 138

To clean, use a bucket of water to clean the _____ tube. Run water through it for ____ minute

Answer 138

pick up tube

one minute

Question 139

The foam concentrate inlet to the eductor must be no more than _____feet above the liquid surface of the foam concentrate.Foam solutions become more viscous in cold _____ and less ______ when heated

Answer 139

6 feet

temps

viscous

Question 140

Frozen foam CANNOT be educted.

Question 141

The nozzle and the _____ MUST have the same GPM rating in order to operate sucessfully.

Question 142

When nozzles flow too high too much foam concentrate is used and when flowing too low not enough concentrate will be used.

Question 143

Self educting master stream nozzles have built in foam _______. The foam concentrate MUST be ________ where nozzle is being used.

Answer 143

eductor

available

Question 144

Use of a foam nozzle eductor MAY compromise firefighter _______

Answer 144

safety

Question 145

A self educting master stream nozzle is deployed when flows are in excess of _____gpm

Answer 145

350

Question 146

A self educting master stream has a _____ tube in the center bore of the nozzle.

Answer 146

pickup

Question 147

Some master stream foam nozzles are capable of devivering ________gpm

Answer 147

14,000gpm

Question 148

the MAJOR advantage of self educting foam nozzles is the pressure drop is much lower, _____% less than most standard foam nozzle eductors. This feature allows for MUCH ________ reach

Answer 148

10%

greater

Question 149

A (JRC) Jet Ratio Controller is a type of inline eductor used to supply a self educting master stream and an be located at far as _______ feet away from the self educting master stream nozzle and an elevation change up to _____ feet

Answer 149

3,000 ft

50 feet

Question 150

The Jet Ratio Controller uses only ___% of total water in the system. It picks up _____ of proportioned solution

Answer 150

66.5%

Question 151

Apparatus Foam Proportioning Systems must account for hose length, matching nozzle and flow cabability just as portable proportioning systems.

Question 152

In-line eductors are most commonly used for Class __ foam. They generally are not effective for proportioning the very low concentrations of class ___ foam.

Answer 152

Class B

Class A

Question 153

Around the pump is most common type of installer proportioner on fire ____

Answer 153

apps

Question 154

When valve is completely open on an around the pump proportioner, it allows approximately ____ to ____gpm to flow through the piping.

Answer 154

10-40 gpm

Question 155

A disadvantage to the around the pump proportioner is the inability to pump foam and plain water at the same _____.

Answer 155

time

Question 156

Bypass -Type Balanced Proportioner is used on large Apps like ______. It is the most accurate methods of foam proportioning.

Answer 156

ARFF vehicles

Question 157

By-pass Type Proportioner have a separate foam concentrate pump to go with the different water pump.

Question 158

A limitation of the By-pass Type Proportioner include the need for a _____ pump with a PTO.

Answer 158

foam

Question 159

Variable Flow Variable Rate Direct Injection proportioners generally operate off power supplied by the apps _______ system.

Answer 159

electrical

Question 160

Variable Flow Variable Rate proportioners injects foam into the pump piping supplying ALL discharges. The system monitors the operation of all hoselines and maintains consistant foam solution.

Question 161

Variable flow variable rate direct injection systems operate at foam concentration rates of ___to ____%

Answer 161

0.1-3%

Question 162

Variable flow variable rate may be used with all class __ foams and many class ___. However, the system is NOT used with _____ resistant foams. Concentrate is supplied by atmospheric pressure foam tanks

Answer 162

A

B

alcohol

Question 163

Variable Flow demand-Type Balanced-Pressure Proportioner:
Also known as Pumped/Demand System requires no flushing after use

Question 164

Class a foam does NOT retain their foaming properties when mixed in water for more than _____ hours. However AFFF solutions with stay mixed for an extended period of time.

Answer 164

24 hours

Question 165

When batch mixing the D/O should curculate ______ to avoid frothing and do it for short time to ensure mixing.

Answer 165

slowly

Question 166

Foam left in tank and pump acts as a cleaning agent and removes lubricants. You MUST _____ after use. D/O should check lubrication after use.

Answer 166

flush

Question 167

Conduct the _____ of the pump with the SDS (safety Data Sheet)

Answer 167

flushing

Question 168

Batch mixing is usually done when no other method is ______

Answer 168

available

Question 169

High energy systems or CAFS systems

Question 170

The _____ system was reserched and developed by the BLM Bureau of Land Management

Answer 170

CAFS

Question 171

CAFS system advantages include
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Answer 171

1. longer reach with fire strea.
2. CAFS produce small uniform bubble that are very durable
3. Foam adheres to fuels better
4. Hoselines weigh less
5. Safer Fire attack with longer reach

Question 172

Cons of a CAFS system:
1. increased cost
2.
3.
4.

Answer 172

1. increased cost.
2. hose reaction could be eratic
3. if a hoseline bursts the compressed air will intensify the hoseline reaction
4. Additional training required

Question 173

When using class A foam nozzle flow rates should be the _____ as when using water.

Answer 173

same

Question 174

CAFS proportioner is set up at a rate of _____ to _____%

Answer 174

.1-1%

Question 175

Note: Foam nozzle eductors and some self-educting master stream nozzles may also be considered _______ foam nozzles

Answer 175

portable

Question 176

The 3 most common handline nozzles used for foam application are:
1.
2.
3.

Answer 176

1. Fog
2. smooth bore
3. air aspirating

Question 177

______ nozzles are limited to application with Class A from a CAFS system. This is an exception to the standard rule that the discharge orfice MUST be no greater than _____ the diameter of the hose.

Answer 177

smooth bore

1/2

Question 178

Expansion ratios for most fog nozzles are _____ to ____ range

Answer 178

2:1 to 4:1

Question 179

Fog nozzles are most effective with class ___ foam and AFFF. They can also be used with alcohol resistant _____ on hydrocarbon fires.
Fog nozzles should NOT be used with _____ foams or polar solvent fires as it wont aspirate enough.

Answer 179

class A

AFFF

flouroprotein foams

Question 180

Air aspirating foam nozzles induct air into the foam solution by ______ effect

Answer 180

venturi

Question 181

______ nozzles have less reach than a automatic fog nozzle

Answer 181

air aspirating foam nozzle

Question 182

Air aspirating foam nozzles are the ONLY nozzle to be used with protein and flouroprotein foam solutions.

Question 183

Industrial foam pumpers and ARFF apps are often equipped with ____ nozzles

Answer 183

master stream foam nozzles

Question 184

There are two types of medium and high expansion foam generators:
water aspirating and Mechanical ______

Answer 184

blower

Question 185

The air content of medium expansion foam ranges from ____ to ____ratio. For high expansion foam it is _____ to ______ratio

Answer 185

20:1-200:1

200:1-1,000:1

Question 186

Water aspirating devices have a _____ at the end of the nozzle that break up foam and mix it with additional air.

Answer 186

screens

Question 187

Water aspirating devices have lower air _____ than mechanical blowers

Answer 187

volume

Question 188

Mechanical blowers look very simular to ordinary smoke ______

Answer 188

ejectors

Question 189

Too long of an _____ line beyond the eductor will cause problems

Answer 189

attack

Question 190

a nozzle too far from the eductor could result in excessive ______ pressure

Answer 190

elevation

Question 191

Foam application techniques have 4 procedures:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Answer 191

1. Direct application method
2. Roll-on method
3. Bank down method
4. Rain down method

Question 192

Direct application
Direct application of fire attack with Class _ foam. It follows same attack as using plain water.

Answer 192

A

Question 193

Roll on Method
A method for Class __ Foam involves a direct _____ on the ground near the front edge of the burning liquid spill. This method is ONLY effective on a pool of liquid fuel on the open ______

Answer 193

stream

ground

Question 194

Bank Down Method
Another method for Class ___ fires is used on a _____ surface near a pool of ignitable liquid. this method you hit the verticle surface and allow it to _____ down and spread across the pooled fuel product.

Answer 194

verticle

Question 195

Rain Down Method
When first two Class B methods are ineffective due to elevation of the fuel, the rain down method is used. This is the MOST common application for above ground storage tank fires. Fire fighters must position within _____

Answer 195

reach

Question 196

US Forest Service has siad the release of Class A foam in waterways is ____ to fish

Answer 196

lethal

Question 197

Reducution of _____ results in the destruction of vegitation and aquatic life.

Answer 197

oxygen

Question 198

Biodegradable: capable of being broke down by microorganisms or bacteria

Question 199

Decomposition: chemical change in which a substance breaks down into ____ or more simpler substances. Result of ______ acting on the material that results in a change in composition.

Answer 199

two

Question 200

Agents for Pres-treating a structure include Durable agents or ______ agents. These retain their fire retarding properties longer then Class __ foam.

Answer 200

gelling

A

Question 201

Durable or gelling agents are water absorbant polymers that form bubbles filled with _____ and not air like other foams. They can absorb _____ of times their own weight in water.

Answer 201

water

100s

Question 202

Durable agents are more expensive than class _ foam.

Answer 202

A

Question 203

Durable agents can be _____ dropped by tanker or helo

Answer 203

air

Question 204

Durable agents ratio is ____. When used on Fireline 1.5 - 2%
When used for structure protection ____to____% is used. when applied at 2-3 percent, the product will adhere to a verticle surface for up to ____ hours. It can also be rehydrated with the application of a fine _____ extending the life several days.

Answer 204

1:100

2-3%

24 hours

fine mist.