Chapter 14 Flashcards
What is temperature?
The measure of average KE of the particles in an object.
What is the freezing point of water?
0C/32F
Boiling point of water?
100C/212F
What is Kinetic Theory of Matter?
States that particles (atoms/molecules) are always moving
What is a solid?
Vibrates, least amount of KE, most attraction between particles, Fixed position, Definite shape and volume.
What is a Liquid?
Sliding, more KE than solids less than gases, Less particle attraction, Definite volume not shape.
What is a gas
Most KE, particles moving quickly, least particle attraction, No definite shape or volume.
3 ways of energy transfer
Conduction, convection, radiation.
What is conduction?
The transfer of thermal energy through direct contact.
What is convection?
Transfer of heat through liquids and gases
Convection currents
Hot air rises because it is less dense, cold air sinks because it’s more dense
What is radiation?
Transfer of heat thru empty space; electromagnetic waves.
What is specific heat?
How much energy is needed
What is specific heat?
How much energy is needed to change the temperature by 1C or 1K
What is a conductor
Not much energy is needed to change because it allows energy to flow very easily in/out the object. Ex. Metals
What is an insulator?
Required more energy than conductors to raise the temperature because they don’t allow the flow of energy through an object.
How does a gas become a solid?
Thru deposition(no liquid state). Ex snow
How does a solid become a gas.?
Thru sublimation ex. Dry ice
What does ⬆️ mean
Requires energy, endothermic, adding heat
What does ⬇️ mean
Releasing energy, ecothermic
1st law of thermodynamics
Energy cannot be created or destroyed only transferred as a result of work/heat or both
2nd law of thermodynamics
Thermal energy travels from an area of high temperature to and are of low temperature.
Entropy
The measure of randomness/disorder in a system.
What happen when entropy increases
Useful energy decreases and vice versa.
When does useful energy decrease?
In all energy transfers
