Chapter 13 Vocab Flashcards
acetone
A chemical found in nail polish removers and other products. Inhalation causes significant damage to the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract.
amobarbital
An intermediate-acting barbiturate drug. Also known as sodium amytal. Brand name is Amytal.
antianxiety drugs
Medications that reduce or relieve feelings of anxiety. In doing so, they make the user feel more peaceful or tranquil; also called tranquilizers.
anxiolytics (meaning anxiety reducing drugs)
Medications that reduce or relieve feelings of anxiety.
barbiturate
A drug within a family of depressants derived from barbituric acid and used as a sedative-hypnotic and antiepileptic medication.
Benzene
A carcinogenic (cancer-producing) compound found in many solvent products, representing a serious health risk when inhaled. Prolonged exposure to benzene has been associated with carcinogenic (cancer-producing) disorders, specifically leukemia, as well as anemia. Benzene is generally used as a solvent in waxes, resins, lacquers, paints, and paint removers
benzodiazepines
A family of antianxiety drugs. Examples include diazepam (Valium), chlordiazepoxide (Librium), and triazolam (Halcion).
beta blockers
Medicinal drugs that are traditionally used to treat cardiac and blood pressure disorders. They are also prescribed for individuals who suffer from “stage fright” or anxiety regarding a specific event. Examples include atenolol (brand name: Tenormin), metoprolol (brand name: Lopressor), and propanolol (brand name: Inderal).
buspirone
A nonbenzodiazepine antianxiety drug first introduced in 1986. Brand name is BuSpar.
chloral hydrate
A depressant drug once used for the treatment of insomnia. It is highly reactive with alcohol and can severely irritate the stomach.
chlordiazepoxide
A major benzodiazepine drug for the treatment of anxiety. Brand name is Librium.
diazepam
A major benzodiazepine drug for the treatment of anxiety. Brand name is Valium.
drug-facilitated sexual assault (DFSA)
An instance in which alcohol or other drugs have been used to compromise an individual’s ability to consent to sexual activity.
eszopiclone
A nonbenzodiazepine sedative-hypnotic, first introduced in 2005, for the treatment of insomnia. Brand name is Lunesta.
ether
An anesthetic drug first introduced to surgical practice by William T. Morton in the 1840s. It is highly flammable.
gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB)
A powerful depressant, often abused to induce euphoria and sedation. When slipped into an alcoholic beverage without the knowledge of the drinker, GHB has been employed as a means for drug-facilitated sexual assault (DFSA).
Hexane
A dangerous compound present in many glues and adhesive products. Inhalation of these products has been associated with muscle weakness and atrophy.
hypoxia
A deficiency in oxygen intake.
inhalants
Chemicals that produce breathable vapors. They produce euphoriant and depressant effects when sniffed or inhaled.
meprobamate
A nonbarbiturate antianxiety drug and sedative. Brand name is Miltown.
methaqualone
A nonbarbiturate depressant drug once used as a sedative. Brand name is Quaalude.
nitrous oxide
An analgesic gas commonly used in modern dentistry. It is also referred to as laughing gas.
oil of mustard
An additive in Testor brand hobby-kit glues that produces nasal irritation when inhaled, thus reducing the potential for inhalant abuse.
pentobarbital
A short-acting barbiturate drug. Brand name is Nembutal.
phenobarbital
A long-acting barbiturate drug, usually marketed in generic form.
REM-sleep rebound
A phenomenon associated with the withdrawal of barbiturate drugs in which the quantity of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep increases, resulting in disturbed sleep and nightmares.
Rohypnol
The brand name for a benzodiazepine drug, illegal in the United States but available for medical use in Europe and South America. It has been implicated in instances of drug-facilitated sexual assault. The generic name is flunitrazepam.
secobarbital
A short-acting barbiturate drug. Brand name is Seconal.
sedative-hypnotics
A category of depressant drugs that provide a sense of calm and sleep.
toluene
A compound in glues, cements, and other adhesive products. Inhalation of these products results in behavioral and neurological impairments.
triorthocresyl phosphate (TCP)
A gasoline additive. Inhalation of TCP-containing gasoline has been linked to spastic muscle disorders and liver problems.
whippets
Small canisters containing pressurized nitrous oxide.
zolpidem
A nonbenzodiazepine sedative-hypnotic drug, first introduced in 1993, for the treatment of insomnia. Brand name is Ambien.
